CBSE Class 12 Syllabus
The CBSE Class 12 syllabus is comprehensive, covering subjects across Science, Commerce, and Humanities streams. The curriculum is prescribed by the NCERT and aims to build a strong foundation for higher education.
The syllabus is divided into streams, with each stream having a set of core subjects and optional choices. Most subjects include both a theory component, which is tested in the final board exam, and a practical or internal assessment component, which is evaluated by the school. The final marks are a combination of both. The question papers are designed to test understanding and application, not just memorization.
Core Science Subjects
- Physics Covers electrostatics, magnetism, optics, modern physics, and semiconductor electronics.
- Chemistry Includes solutions, electrochemistry, kinetics, d- and f-block elements, and organic compounds.
- Biology Focuses on reproduction, genetics, evolution, biotechnology, and ecology.
- Mathematics Topics include relations and functions, calculus, vectors, 3D geometry, and probability.
Core Commerce Subjects
- Accountancy Covers accounting for partnerships, companies, and analysis of financial statements.
- Business Studies Explores principles of management, business finance, and marketing.
- Economics Divided into introductory macroeconomics and Indian economic development.
Core Humanities Subjects
- History Focuses on themes in ancient, medieval, and modern Indian history.
- Political Science Covers contemporary world politics and politics in India since independence.
- Geography Includes fundamentals of human geography and India's people and economy.
- Sociology Examines the Indian society, social institutions, and social change.