a ⃗ = − λ 2 i ^ + j ^ + k ^ , b ⃗ = i ^ − λ 2 j ^ + k ^ \vec a = -\lambda^2\hat{i}+\hat{j}+\hat{k},\qquad \vec b = \hat{i}-\lambda^2\hat{j}+\hat{k} a = − λ 2 i ^ + j ^ + k ^ , b = i ^ − λ 2 j ^ + k ^
c ⃗ = i ^ + j ^ − λ 2 k ^ \vec c = \hat{i}+\hat{j}-\lambda^2\hat{k} c = i ^ + j ^ − λ 2 k ^
To find: number of real λ with a ⃗ , b ⃗ , c ⃗ coplanar \text{To find: number of real } \lambda \text{ with } \vec a,\vec b,\vec c \text{ coplanar} To find: number of real λ with a , b , c coplanar
Coplanar ⇔ [ a ⃗ b ⃗ c ⃗ ] = 0 \text{Coplanar} \Leftrightarrow [\vec a\ \vec b\ \vec c] = 0 Coplanar ⇔ [ a b c ] = 0
[ a ⃗ b ⃗ c ⃗ ] = ∣ − λ 2 1 1 1 − λ 2 1 1 1 − λ 2 ∣ = 0 [\vec a\ \vec b\ \vec c] = \begin{vmatrix} -\lambda^2 & 1 & 1\\ 1 & -\lambda^2 & 1\\ 1 & 1 & -\lambda^2 \end{vmatrix} = 0 [ a b c ] = − λ 2 1 1 1 − λ 2 1 1 1 − λ 2 = 0
Let t = − λ 2 : diagonal t , off-diagonal 1 \text{Let } t=-\lambda^2:\ \text{diagonal } t,\ \text{off-diagonal } 1 Let t = − λ 2 : diagonal t , off-diagonal 1
det = ( t − 1 ) 2 ( t + 2 ) \det = (t-1)^2(t+2) det = ( t − 1 ) 2 ( t + 2 )
( − λ 2 − 1 ) 2 ( 2 − λ 2 ) = 0 (-\lambda^2-1)^2(2-\lambda^2) = 0 ( − λ 2 − 1 ) 2 ( 2 − λ 2 ) = 0
λ 2 + 1 = 0 ⇒ no real λ \lambda^2+1 = 0 \Rightarrow \text{no real } \lambda λ 2 + 1 = 0 ⇒ no real λ
2 − λ 2 = 0 ⇒ λ = ± 2 2-\lambda^2 = 0 \Rightarrow \lambda = \pm\sqrt{2} 2 − λ 2 = 0 ⇒ λ = ± 2
λ = 2 : a ⃗ = ( − 2 , 1 , 1 ) , b ⃗ = ( 1 , − 2 , 1 ) , c ⃗ = ( 1 , 1 , − 2 ) \lambda=\sqrt2:\ \vec a=(-2,1,1),\ \vec b=(1,-2,1),\ \vec c=(1,1,-2) λ = 2 : a = ( − 2 , 1 , 1 ) , b = ( 1 , − 2 , 1 ) , c = ( 1 , 1 , − 2 )
a ⃗ + b ⃗ + c ⃗ = 0 ⃗ ⇒ coplanar \vec a+\vec b+\vec c = \vec 0 \Rightarrow \text{coplanar} a + b + c = 0 ⇒ coplanar
Number of real λ = 2 ⇒ option ( 3 ) \text{Number of real } \lambda = 2 \Rightarrow \text{option }(3) Number of real λ = 2 ⇒ option ( 3 )
2 option (3) \boxed{2\quad \text{option (3)}} 2 option (3)