Statement-1 : It is easier to pull a heavy object than to push it on a level ground and Statement-2 : The magnitude of frictional force depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact.
Answer: B. Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
Or read the worked solution below. Jump to the steps ↓
Written solution
Step 1: Analyze the forces during pushing.
When pushing an object of mass with a force at an angle below the horizontal, the vertical component of the force acts downwards, increasing the normal reaction force.
Step 2: Analyze the forces during pulling.
When pulling the object with a force at an angle above the horizontal, the vertical component of the force acts upwards, decreasing the normal reaction force.
Step 3: Compare the frictional forces.
The frictional force is directly proportional to the normal reaction force.
Since , the frictional force experienced during pushing is greater than that during pulling.
Step 4: Determine the minimum force required to move the object.
The minimum force required to overcome friction and move the object in each case is given by the following expressions:
Since , pulling requires less force than pushing, which makes Statement-1 true.
Step 5: Evaluate Statement-2 and its relationship to Statement-1.
The magnitude of the frictional force depends on the coefficient of friction , which is determined by the nature of the two surfaces in contact.
This makes Statement-2 true. However, the ease of pulling over pushing is due to the change in the normal force , while the nature of the contact surfaces remains identical in both cases. Thus, Statement-2 is not the correct explanation for Statement-1.
Answer: Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.