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JEE Advanced 2008 · Mechanical Properties of Fluids

STATEMENT-1 : The stream of water flowing at high speed from a garden hose pipe tends to spread like a fountain when held vertically up, but tends to narrow down when held vertically down. STATEMENT-2 : In any steady flow of an incompressible fluid, the volume flow rate of the fluid remains constant.

Answer: A. Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1

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Written solution

Step 1: Analyze Statement-2.

For a steady flow of an incompressible fluid, the volume flow rate QQ is constant.

Q=Av=constantQ = Av = \text{constant}

This is the equation of continuity, which relates cross-sectional area AA and velocity vv.

A∝1vA \propto \frac{1}{v}

Therefore, Statement-2 is TRUE.

Step 2: Analyze Statement-1.

When the hose is held vertically up, gravity decreases the velocity of the water.

v↓v \downarrow

Since velocity decreases, the cross-sectional area must increase.

A↑A \uparrow

When the hose is held vertically down, gravity increases the velocity of the water.

v↑v \uparrow

Since velocity increases, the cross-sectional area must decrease.

A↓A \downarrow

Therefore, Statement-1 is TRUE.

Step 3: Evaluate the relationship between the statements.

The change in the stream's area is caused by the change in velocity under gravity while maintaining a constant volume flow rate.

A=QvA = \frac{Q}{v}

Therefore, Statement-2 is the correct explanation for Statement-1.

Answer: Both Statement-1 and Statement-2 are true, and Statement-2 is the correct explanation for Statement-1.

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