arthham

JEE Advanced 2009 · Integrals

If In=∫−ππsin⁡nx(1+πx)sin⁡x dxI_n = \int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \frac{\sin nx}{(1+\pi^x)\sin x}\,dx, n=0,1,2,…n = 0, 1, 2, \ldots, then

Answers: A. In=In+2I_n = I_{n+2} · B. ∑m=110I2m+1=10π\sum_{m=1}^{10} I_{2m+1} = 10\pi · C. ∑m=110I2m=0\sum_{m=1}^{10} I_{2m} = 0

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Written solution

If Iₙ = ∫_(-π)^π (sin nx)/((1+πˣ)sin x) dx, n = 0, 1, 2, …, then In=∫−ππsin⁡nx(1+πx)sin⁡x dx,n=0,1,2,…I_n=\displaystyle\int_{-\pi}^{\pi}\dfrac{\sin nx}{(1+\pi^{x})\sin x}\,dx,\quad n=0,1,2,\ldots (1) In=In+2(2) ∑m=110I2m+1=10π(1)\ I_n=I_{n+2} \qquad (2)\ \sum_{m=1}^{10} I_{2m+1}=10\pi (3) ∑m=110I2m=0(4) In=In+1(3)\ \sum_{m=1}^{10} I_{2m}=0 \qquad (4)\ I_n=I_{n+1} ∫−ππf(x) dx=∫0π(f(x)+f(−x)) dx\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} f(x)\,dx=\int_0^{\pi}\big(f(x)+f(-x)\big)\,dx f(x)=sin⁡nx(1+πx)sin⁡xf(x)=\dfrac{\sin nx}{(1+\pi^{x})\sin x} f(−x)=sin⁡nx(1+π−x)sin⁡xf(-x)=\dfrac{\sin nx}{(1+\pi^{-x})\sin x} 11+π−x=πx1+πx\dfrac{1}{1+\pi^{-x}}=\dfrac{\pi^{x}}{1+\pi^{x}} f(x)+f(−x)=sin⁡nxsin⁡x[11+πx+πx1+πx]=sin⁡nxsin⁡xf(x)+f(-x)=\dfrac{\sin nx}{\sin x}\left[\dfrac{1}{1+\pi^{x}}+\dfrac{\pi^{x}}{1+\pi^{x}}\right]=\dfrac{\sin nx}{\sin x} In=∫0πsin⁡nxsin⁡x dxI_n=\displaystyle\int_0^{\pi}\dfrac{\sin nx}{\sin x}\,dx n odd: sin⁡nxsin⁡x=1+2(cos⁡2x+cos⁡4x+⋯+cos⁡(n−1)x)n \text{ odd}:\ \dfrac{\sin nx}{\sin x}=1+2\big(\cos 2x+\cos 4x+\cdots+\cos(n{-}1)x\big) n even: sin⁡nxsin⁡x=2(cos⁡x+cos⁡3x+⋯+cos⁡(n−1)x)n \text{ even}:\ \dfrac{\sin nx}{\sin x}=2\big(\cos x+\cos 3x+\cdots+\cos(n{-}1)x\big) ∫0πcos⁡(kx) dx=0(k≥1)\int_0^{\pi}\cos(kx)\,dx=0\quad(k\ge1) In=π (n odd);In=0 (n even)I_n=\pi\ (n \text{ odd});\qquad I_n=0\ (n \text{ even}) I1=∫0π1 dx=π,I2=∫0π2cos⁡x dx=0I_1=\int_0^\pi 1\,dx=\pi,\qquad I_2=\int_0^\pi 2\cos x\,dx=0 (1) n, n+2 same parity⇒In=In+2 TRUE(1)\ n,\,n+2 \text{ same parity} \Rightarrow I_n=I_{n+2}\ \textbf{TRUE} (2) I2m+1=π⇒∑m=110I2m+1=10π TRUE(2)\ I_{2m+1}=\pi \Rightarrow \sum_{m=1}^{10} I_{2m+1}=10\pi\ \textbf{TRUE} (3) I2m=0⇒∑m=110I2m=0 TRUE(3)\ I_{2m}=0 \Rightarrow \sum_{m=1}^{10} I_{2m}=0\ \textbf{TRUE} (4) n, n+1 opposite parity⇒In≠In+1 FALSE(4)\ n,\,n+1 \text{ opposite parity} \Rightarrow I_n\neq I_{n+1}\ \textbf{FALSE} TRUE: (1), (2), (3)\text{TRUE: }(1),\ (2),\ (3)

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