The following integral ∫_(π/4)^(π/2) (2cosec x)¹⁷ dx is equal to
I = ∫ π / 4 π / 2 ( 2 cosec x ) 17 d x I = \displaystyle\int_{\pi/4}^{\pi/2} (2\operatorname{cosec} x)^{17}\,dx I = ∫ π /4 π /2 ( 2 cosec x ) 17 d x
To find: which option equals I \text{To find: which option equals } I To find: which option equals I
options use u , with u : 0 → log ( 1 + 2 ) , ( e u ± e − u ) \text{options use } u,\ \text{with } u:\ 0 \to \log(1+\sqrt{2}),\ \ (e^{u}\pm e^{-u}) options use u , with u : 0 → log ( 1 + 2 ) , ( e u ± e − u )
cosec 2 x − cot 2 x = 1 \operatorname{cosec}^{2}x - \cot^{2}x = 1 cosec 2 x − cot 2 x = 1
u = log ( cosec x + cot x ) : e u = cosec x + cot x , e − u = cosec x − cot x u = \log(\operatorname{cosec} x + \cot x):\ e^{u} = \operatorname{cosec} x + \cot x,\ \ e^{-u} = \operatorname{cosec} x - \cot x u = log ( cosec x + cot x ) : e u = cosec x + cot x , e − u = cosec x − cot x
⇒ e u + e − u = 2 cosec x \Rightarrow\ e^{u} + e^{-u} = 2\operatorname{cosec} x ⇒ e u + e − u = 2 cosec x
d u d x = − cosec x cot x − cosec 2 x cosec x + cot x = − cosec x \dfrac{du}{dx} = \dfrac{-\operatorname{cosec} x\cot x - \operatorname{cosec}^{2}x}{\operatorname{cosec} x + \cot x} = -\operatorname{cosec} x d x d u = cosec x + cot x − cosec x cot x − cosec 2 x = − cosec x
⇒ d x = − d u cosec x \Rightarrow\ dx = -\dfrac{du}{\operatorname{cosec} x} ⇒ d x = − cosec x d u
( 2 cosec x ) 17 d x = ( e u + e − u ) 17 ⋅ ( − 2 d u e u + e − u ) (2\operatorname{cosec} x)^{17}dx = (e^{u}+e^{-u})^{17}\cdot\left(-\dfrac{2\,du}{e^{u}+e^{-u}}\right) ( 2 cosec x ) 17 d x = ( e u + e − u ) 17 ⋅ ( − e u + e − u 2 d u )
= − 2 ( e u + e − u ) 16 d u = -2\,(e^{u}+e^{-u})^{16}\,du = − 2 ( e u + e − u ) 16 d u
x = π 4 ⇒ u = log ( 2 + 1 ) ; x = π 2 ⇒ u = log 1 = 0 x=\dfrac{\pi}{4} \Rightarrow u = \log(\sqrt{2}+1); \qquad x=\dfrac{\pi}{2} \Rightarrow u = \log 1 = 0 x = 4 π ⇒ u = log ( 2 + 1 ) ; x = 2 π ⇒ u = log 1 = 0
I = ∫ log ( 2 + 1 ) 0 − 2 ( e u + e − u ) 16 d u = ∫ 0 log ( 1 + 2 ) 2 ( e u + e − u ) 16 d u I = \displaystyle\int_{\log(\sqrt{2}+1)}^{0} -2\,(e^{u}+e^{-u})^{16}\,du = \displaystyle\int_{0}^{\log(1+\sqrt{2})} 2\,(e^{u}+e^{-u})^{16}\,du I = ∫ l o g ( 2 + 1 ) 0 − 2 ( e u + e − u ) 16 d u = ∫ 0 l o g ( 1 + 2 ) 2 ( e u + e − u ) 16 d u
Answer: (1) \boxed{\text{Answer: (1)}} Answer: (1)