arthham

JEE Advanced 2015 · Integrals

Let f:R→Rf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} be a continuous odd function, which vanishes exactly at one point and f(1)=12f(1) = \frac{1}{2}. Suppose that F(x)=∫−1xf(t) dtF(x) = \int_{-1}^{x} f(t)\,dt for all x∈[−1,2]x \in [-1, 2] and G(x)=∫−1xt ∣f(f(t))∣ dtG(x) = \int_{-1}^{x} t\,|f(f(t))|\,dt for all x∈[−1,2]x \in [-1, 2]. If lim⁡x→1F(x)G(x)=114\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{F(x)}{G(x)} = \frac{1}{14}, then the value of f(12)f\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) is

Answer: 77

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f continuous, odd, f(x)=0 only at x=0, f(1)=12f \text{ continuous, odd}, \ f(x)=0 \text{ only at } x=0, \ f(1)=\tfrac{1}{2} F(x)=∫−1xf(t) dt,G(x)=∫−1xt ∣f(f(t))∣ dtF(x)=\int_{-1}^{x} f(t)\,dt, \quad G(x)=\int_{-1}^{x} t\,\big|f(f(t))\big|\,dt lim⁡x→1F(x)G(x)=114 ⇒ f ⁣(12)=?\lim_{x\to 1}\dfrac{F(x)}{G(x)}=\dfrac{1}{14} \ \Rightarrow \ f\!\left(\tfrac{1}{2}\right)=? 1. F(1), G(1)=0?⇒00 form1.\ F(1),\ G(1) = 0? \Rightarrow \tfrac{0}{0} \text{ form} 2. use L’Hoˆpital2.\ \text{use L'Hôpital} 3. F′(1)G′(1)=114⇒f ⁣(12)3.\ \dfrac{F'(1)}{G'(1)}=\dfrac{1}{14} \Rightarrow f\!\left(\tfrac{1}{2}\right) F(1)=∫−11f(t) dtF(1)=\int_{-1}^{1} f(t)\,dt f odd, symmetric interval⇒F(1)=0f \text{ odd, symmetric interval} \Rightarrow F(1)=0 ϕ(t)=t ∣f(f(t))∣\phi(t)=t\,\big|f(f(t))\big| ϕ(−t)=−t ∣f(−f(t))∣=−t ∣f(f(t))∣=−ϕ(t)⇒G(1)=0\phi(-t)=-t\,|f(-f(t))|=-t\,|f(f(t))|=-\phi(t) \Rightarrow G(1)=0 lim⁡x→1F(x)G(x)=L’Hlim⁡x→1F′(x)G′(x)\lim_{x\to 1}\dfrac{F(x)}{G(x)} \overset{\text{L'H}}{=} \lim_{x\to 1}\dfrac{F'(x)}{G'(x)} F′(x)=f(x),G′(x)=x ∣f(f(x))∣F'(x)=f(x), \quad G'(x)=x\,\big|f(f(x))\big| F′(1)G′(1)=f(1)1⋅∣f(f(1))∣=1/2 ∣f(1/2)∣ \dfrac{F'(1)}{G'(1)}=\dfrac{f(1)}{1\cdot|f(f(1))|}=\dfrac{1/2}{\,|f(1/2)|\,} 1/2∣f(1/2)∣=114⇒∣f(1/2)∣=1/21/14=7\dfrac{1/2}{|f(1/2)|}=\dfrac{1}{14} \Rightarrow |f(1/2)|=\dfrac{1/2}{1/14}=7 f(1/2)=±7f(1/2)=\pm 7 f odd, only zero at 0, f(1)>0⇒f(x)>0 (x>0)f \text{ odd, only zero at } 0, \ f(1)>0 \Rightarrow f(x)>0 \ (x>0) ∴f(1/2)=7\therefore f(1/2)=7 f ⁣(12)=7\boxed{f\!\left(\tfrac{1}{2}\right)=7}

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