arthham

JEE Advanced 2019 · Integrals

If I=2π∫−π/4π/4dx(1+esin⁡x)(2−cos⁡2x)I=\frac{2}{\pi}\int_{-\pi/4}^{\pi/4}\frac{dx}{(1+e^{\sin x})(2-\cos 2x)} , then 27 I227\,I^{2} equals ___,

Answer: 44

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Written solution

I=2π∫−π/4π/4dx(1+esin⁡x)(2−cos⁡2x)I = \frac{2}{\pi}\int_{-\pi/4}^{\pi/4}\frac{dx}{(1+e^{\sin x})(2-\cos 2x)}

Find 27 I2\text{Find } 27\,I^{2}

1. symmetry kills esin⁡x1.\ \text{symmetry kills } e^{\sin x}

2. substitute t=tan⁡x2.\ \text{substitute } t=\tan x

3. find I and 27 I23.\ \text{find } I \text{ and } 27\,I^{2}

∫−aaf(x) dx=∫−aaf(−x) dx\int_{-a}^{a} f(x)\,dx = \int_{-a}^{a} f(-x)\,dx

J=∫−π/4π/4dx(1+esin⁡x)(2−cos⁡2x)J = \int_{-\pi/4}^{\pi/4}\frac{dx}{(1+e^{\sin x})(2-\cos 2x)}

2J=∫−π/4π/412−cos⁡2x[11+esin⁡x+11+e−sin⁡x]dx2J = \int_{-\pi/4}^{\pi/4}\frac{1}{2-\cos 2x}\left[\frac{1}{1+e^{\sin x}}+\frac{1}{1+e^{-\sin x}}\right]dx

11+es+11+e−s=1+es1+es=1\frac{1}{1+e^{s}}+\frac{1}{1+e^{-s}} = \frac{1+e^{s}}{1+e^{s}} = 1

2J=∫−π/4π/4dx2−cos⁡2x ⇒ J=∫0π/4dx2−cos⁡2x2J = \int_{-\pi/4}^{\pi/4}\frac{dx}{2-\cos 2x} \ \Rightarrow\ J = \int_{0}^{\pi/4}\frac{dx}{2-\cos 2x}

t=tan⁡x,dx=dt1+t2,cos⁡2x=1−t21+t2t=\tan x,\quad dx=\frac{dt}{1+t^{2}},\quad \cos 2x=\frac{1-t^{2}}{1+t^{2}}

J=∫01dt1+3t2J = \int_{0}^{1}\frac{dt}{1+3t^{2}}

J=13[tan⁡−1(3t)]01=13⋅π3=π33J = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Big[\tan^{-1}(\sqrt{3}t)\Big]_0^1 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{\pi}{3} = \frac{\pi}{3\sqrt{3}}

I=2π⋅J=2π⋅π33=233I = \frac{2}{\pi}\cdot J = \frac{2}{\pi}\cdot\frac{\pi}{3\sqrt{3}} = \frac{2}{3\sqrt{3}}

I2=427⇒27 I2=4I^{2} = \frac{4}{27} \Rightarrow 27\,I^{2} = 4

27 I2=4\boxed{27\,I^{2} = 4}

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