arthham

JEE Advanced 2019 · Integrals

The value of the integral ∫0π/23cos⁡θ(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)5 dθ\int_{0}^{\pi/2} \frac{3\sqrt{\cos\theta}}{\left(\sqrt{\cos\theta}+\sqrt{\sin\theta}\right)^{5}}\,d\theta equals ___

Answer: 0.500.50

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Written solution

The value of the integral ∫₀^(π/2) 3√cosθ/((√cosθ+√sinθ)⁵) dθ equals ___

I=∫0π/23cos⁡θ(cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ)5 dθI = \displaystyle\int_{0}^{\pi/2} \dfrac{3\sqrt{\cos\theta}}{\left(\sqrt{\cos\theta}+\sqrt{\sin\theta}\right)^{5}}\,d\theta

Find I\text{Find } I

1. substitute t=tan⁡θ1.\ \text{substitute } t = \tan\theta

2. simplify the integrand2.\ \text{simplify the integrand}

3. evaluate with a further substitution3.\ \text{evaluate with a further substitution}

t=tan⁡θ,dθ=dt1+t2t = \tan\theta, \quad d\theta = \dfrac{dt}{1+t^2}

cos⁡θ=(1+t2)−1/4,sin⁡θ=t (1+t2)−1/4\sqrt{\cos\theta} = (1+t^2)^{-1/4}, \quad \sqrt{\sin\theta} = \sqrt{t}\,(1+t^2)^{-1/4}

cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ=(1+t)(1+t2)−1/4\sqrt{\cos\theta}+\sqrt{\sin\theta} = (1+\sqrt{t})(1+t^2)^{-1/4}

I=∫0∞3(1+t)5 dtI = \displaystyle\int_{0}^{\infty} \dfrac{3}{(1+\sqrt{t})^{5}}\,dt

u=t,dt=2u duu = \sqrt{t}, \quad dt = 2u\,du

I=6∫0∞u(1+u)5 duI = 6\displaystyle\int_{0}^{\infty} \dfrac{u}{(1+u)^{5}}\,du

∫0∞u(1+u)5du=∫1∞v−1v5dv=∫1∞(v−4−v−5)dv\int_{0}^{\infty} \dfrac{u}{(1+u)^{5}}du = \int_{1}^{\infty}\dfrac{v-1}{v^{5}}dv = \int_{1}^{\infty}\left(v^{-4}-v^{-5}\right)dv

=[−13v3+14v4]1∞=13−14=112= \left[-\dfrac{1}{3v^{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4v^{4}}\right]_{1}^{\infty} = \dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4} = \dfrac{1}{12}

I=6⋅112=12I = 6\cdot\dfrac{1}{12} = \dfrac{1}{2}

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