arthham

JEE Advanced 2020 · Sequences and Series

Let mm be the minimum possible value of log⁡3(3y1+3y2+3y3)\log_3(3^{y_1} + 3^{y_2} + 3^{y_3}), where y1,y2,y3y_1, y_2, y_3 are real numbers for which y1+y2+y3=9y_1 + y_2 + y_3 = 9. Let MM be the maximum possible value of (log⁡3x1+log⁡3x2+log⁡3x3)(\log_3 x_1 + \log_3 x_2 + \log_3 x_3), where x1,x2,x3x_1, x_2, x_3 are positive real numbers for which x1+x2+x3=9x_1 + x_2 + x_3 = 9. Then the value of log⁡2(m3)+log⁡3(M2)\log_2(m^3) + \log_3(M^2) is ______

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Written solution

Let m be the minimum possible value of log₃(3^(y₁) + 3^(y₂) + 3^(y₃)), where y₁, y₂, y₃ are real numbers for which y₁ + y₂ + y₃ = 9. Let M be the maximum possible value of (log₃ x₁ + log₃ x₂ + log₃ x₃), where x₁, x₂, x₃ are positive real numbers for which x₁ + x₂ + x₃ = 9. Then the value of log₂(m³) + log₃(M²) is ______

Given: y1+y2+y3=9,y1,y2,y3∈R\text{Given: } y_1 + y_2 + y_3 = 9,\quad y_1, y_2, y_3 \in \mathbb{R}

x1+x2+x3=9,x1,x2,x3>0x_1 + x_2 + x_3 = 9,\quad x_1, x_2, x_3 > 0

To find: log⁡2(m3)+log⁡3(M2)\text{To find: } \log_2(m^3) + \log_3(M^2)

m=min⁡log⁡3 ⁣(3y1+3y2+3y3)m = \min \log_3\!\left(3^{y_1} + 3^{y_2} + 3^{y_3}\right)

M=max⁡(log⁡3x1+log⁡3x2+log⁡3x3)M = \max\left(\log_3 x_1 + \log_3 x_2 + \log_3 x_3\right)

AM-GM: a1+a2+a33≥(a1a2a3)1/3,ai>0\text{AM-GM: } \dfrac{a_1+a_2+a_3}{3} \ge (a_1 a_2 a_3)^{1/3}, \quad a_i > 0

Equality   ⟺  a1=a2=a3\text{Equality } \iff a_1 = a_2 = a_3

3y1+3y2+3y33≥(3y1⋅3y2⋅3y3)1/3\dfrac{3^{y_1}+3^{y_2}+3^{y_3}}{3} \ge (3^{y_1}\cdot 3^{y_2}\cdot 3^{y_3})^{1/3}

=(3 y1+y2+y3)1/3= \left(3^{\,y_1+y_2+y_3}\right)^{1/3}

39/3=33=27 ⇒ 3y1+3y2+3y3≥3⋅27=813^{9/3} = 3^3 = 27 \ \Rightarrow\ 3^{y_1}+3^{y_2}+3^{y_3} \ge 3\cdot 27 = 81

Equality: y1=y2=y3=3 ⇒ m=log⁡381=4\text{Equality: } y_1=y_2=y_3=3 \ \Rightarrow\ m = \log_3 81 = 4

log⁡3x1+log⁡3x2+log⁡3x3=log⁡3(x1x2x3)\log_3 x_1 + \log_3 x_2 + \log_3 x_3 = \log_3(x_1 x_2 x_3)

x1+x2+x33≥(x1x2x3)1/3\dfrac{x_1+x_2+x_3}{3} \ge (x_1 x_2 x_3)^{1/3}

3≥(x1x2x3)1/3 ⇒ x1x2x3≤273 \ge (x_1 x_2 x_3)^{1/3} \ \Rightarrow\ x_1 x_2 x_3 \le 27

M=log⁡3(x1x2x3)max⁡=log⁡327=3M = \log_3(x_1 x_2 x_3)_{\max} = \log_3 27 = 3

log⁡2(m3)=log⁡2(43)=log⁡264=log⁡226=6\log_2(m^3) = \log_2(4^3) = \log_2 64 = \log_2 2^6 = 6

log⁡3(M2)=log⁡3(32)=log⁡39=2\log_3(M^2) = \log_3(3^2) = \log_3 9 = 2

log⁡2(m3)+log⁡3(M2)=6+2=8\log_2(m^3) + \log_3(M^2) = 6 + 2 = 8

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