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JEE Advanced 2018 · Continuity and Differentiability

Let f:(0,π)→Rf:(0, \pi) \to \mathbb{R} be a twice differentiable function such that lim⁡t→xf(x)sin⁡t−f(t)sin⁡xt−x=sin⁡2x\lim_{t \to x} \frac{f(x)\sin t - f(t)\sin x}{t - x} = \sin^{2} x for all x∈(0,π)x \in (0, \pi). If f(π6)=−π12f\left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right) = -\frac{\pi}{12}, then which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE?

Answers: B. f(x)<x46−x2f(x) < \frac{x^{4}}{6} - x^{2} for all x∈(0,π)x \in (0, \pi) · C. There exists α∈(0,π)\alpha \in (0, \pi) such that f′(α)=0f'(\alpha) = 0 · D. f′′(π2)+f(π2)=0f''\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) + f\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 0

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lim⁡t→xf(x)sin⁡t−f(t)sin⁡xt−x=sin⁡2x,x∈(0,π)\lim_{t \to x} \dfrac{f(x)\sin t - f(t)\sin x}{t - x} = \sin^{2} x, \qquad x \in (0,\pi) f ⁣(π6)=−π12f\!\left(\tfrac{\pi}{6}\right) = -\tfrac{\pi}{12} Find f(x), then test (1)–(4)\text{Find } f(x), \text{ then test (1)–(4)} F(t)=f(x)sin⁡t−f(t)sin⁡x,F(x)=0F(t) = f(x)\sin t - f(t)\sin x, \qquad F(x) = 0 lim⁡t→xF(t)−F(x)t−x=F′(x)\lim_{t \to x}\dfrac{F(t) - F(x)}{t - x} = F'(x) F′(x)=f(x)cos⁡x−f′(x)sin⁡x=sin⁡2xF'(x) = f(x)\cos x - f'(x)\sin x = \sin^{2} x f(x)cos⁡x−f′(x)sin⁡xsin⁡2x=1\dfrac{f(x)\cos x - f'(x)\sin x}{\sin^{2} x} = 1 ddx ⁣(f(x)sin⁡x)=−f(x)cos⁡x−f′(x)sin⁡xsin⁡2x=−1\dfrac{d}{dx}\!\left(\dfrac{f(x)}{\sin x}\right) = -\dfrac{f(x)\cos x - f'(x)\sin x}{\sin^{2} x} = -1 f(x)sin⁡x=−x+C⇒f(x)=(C−x)sin⁡x\dfrac{f(x)}{\sin x} = -x + C \Rightarrow f(x) = (C - x)\sin x f ⁣(π6)=(C−π6)⋅12=−π12⇒C=0f\!\left(\tfrac{\pi}{6}\right) = \left(C - \tfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\cdot\tfrac{1}{2} = -\tfrac{\pi}{12} \Rightarrow C = 0 f(x)=−xsin⁡x\boxed{f(x) = -x\sin x} f ⁣(π4)=−π4⋅12=−π42f\!\left(\tfrac{\pi}{4}\right) = -\dfrac{\pi}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = -\dfrac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}} but statement says +π42⇒(1) FALSE\text{but statement says } +\dfrac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}} \Rightarrow (1) \text{ FALSE} f(x)<x46−x2  ⟺  x ⁣(sin⁡x−x+x36)>0f(x) < \dfrac{x^{4}}{6} - x^{2} \iff x\!\left(\sin x - x + \dfrac{x^{3}}{6}\right) > 0 sin⁡x>x−x36 (x>0)⇒(2) TRUE\sin x > x - \dfrac{x^{3}}{6}\ (x>0) \Rightarrow (2) \text{ TRUE} f′(x)=−sin⁡x−xcos⁡xf'(x) = -\sin x - x\cos x f′(π2)=−1<0,f′(π)=π>0f'(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = -1 < 0, \quad f'(\pi) = \pi > 0 ⇒∃ α∈(π2,π) with f′(α)=0⇒(3) TRUE\Rightarrow \exists\,\alpha \in (\tfrac{\pi}{2}, \pi) \text{ with } f'(\alpha) = 0 \Rightarrow (3) \text{ TRUE} f′′(x)=xsin⁡x−2cos⁡xf''(x) = x\sin x - 2\cos x f′′(π2)=π2,f(π2)=−π2⇒f′′(π2)+f(π2)=0f''(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = \tfrac{\pi}{2}, \quad f(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = -\tfrac{\pi}{2} \Rightarrow f''(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) + f(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = 0 ⇒(4) TRUE\Rightarrow (4) \text{ TRUE} TRUE statements: (2),(3),(4)\boxed{\text{TRUE statements: } (2), (3), (4)} f(x)=−xsin⁡x;(1) false,(2),(3),(4) truef(x) = -x\sin x; \quad (1) \text{ false}, \quad (2),(3),(4) \text{ true}

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