lim t → x f ( x ) sin t − f ( t ) sin x t − x = sin 2 x , x ∈ ( 0 , π ) \lim_{t \to x} \dfrac{f(x)\sin t - f(t)\sin x}{t - x} = \sin^{2} x, \qquad x \in (0,\pi) lim t → x t − x f ( x ) sin t − f ( t ) sin x = sin 2 x , x ∈ ( 0 , π )
f ( π 6 ) = − π 12 f\!\left(\tfrac{\pi}{6}\right) = -\tfrac{\pi}{12} f ( 6 π ) = − 12 π
Find f ( x ) , then test (1)–(4) \text{Find } f(x), \text{ then test (1)–(4)} Find f ( x ) , then test (1)–(4)
F ( t ) = f ( x ) sin t − f ( t ) sin x , F ( x ) = 0 F(t) = f(x)\sin t - f(t)\sin x, \qquad F(x) = 0 F ( t ) = f ( x ) sin t − f ( t ) sin x , F ( x ) = 0
lim t → x F ( t ) − F ( x ) t − x = F ′ ( x ) \lim_{t \to x}\dfrac{F(t) - F(x)}{t - x} = F'(x) lim t → x t − x F ( t ) − F ( x ) = F ′ ( x )
F ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) cos x − f ′ ( x ) sin x = sin 2 x F'(x) = f(x)\cos x - f'(x)\sin x = \sin^{2} x F ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) cos x − f ′ ( x ) sin x = sin 2 x
f ( x ) cos x − f ′ ( x ) sin x sin 2 x = 1 \dfrac{f(x)\cos x - f'(x)\sin x}{\sin^{2} x} = 1 sin 2 x f ( x ) cos x − f ′ ( x ) sin x = 1
d d x ( f ( x ) sin x ) = − f ( x ) cos x − f ′ ( x ) sin x sin 2 x = − 1 \dfrac{d}{dx}\!\left(\dfrac{f(x)}{\sin x}\right) = -\dfrac{f(x)\cos x - f'(x)\sin x}{\sin^{2} x} = -1 d x d ( sin x f ( x ) ) = − sin 2 x f ( x ) cos x − f ′ ( x ) sin x = − 1
f ( x ) sin x = − x + C ⇒ f ( x ) = ( C − x ) sin x \dfrac{f(x)}{\sin x} = -x + C \Rightarrow f(x) = (C - x)\sin x sin x f ( x ) = − x + C ⇒ f ( x ) = ( C − x ) sin x
f ( π 6 ) = ( C − π 6 ) ⋅ 1 2 = − π 12 ⇒ C = 0 f\!\left(\tfrac{\pi}{6}\right) = \left(C - \tfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\cdot\tfrac{1}{2} = -\tfrac{\pi}{12} \Rightarrow C = 0 f ( 6 π ) = ( C − 6 π ) ⋅ 2 1 = − 12 π ⇒ C = 0
f ( x ) = − x sin x \boxed{f(x) = -x\sin x} f ( x ) = − x sin x
f ( π 4 ) = − π 4 ⋅ 1 2 = − π 4 2 f\!\left(\tfrac{\pi}{4}\right) = -\dfrac{\pi}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = -\dfrac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}} f ( 4 π ) = − 4 π ⋅ 2 1 = − 4 2 π
but statement says + π 4 2 ⇒ ( 1 ) FALSE \text{but statement says } +\dfrac{\pi}{4\sqrt{2}} \Rightarrow (1) \text{ FALSE} but statement says + 4 2 π ⇒ ( 1 ) FALSE
f ( x ) < x 4 6 − x 2 ⟺ x ( sin x − x + x 3 6 ) > 0 f(x) < \dfrac{x^{4}}{6} - x^{2} \iff x\!\left(\sin x - x + \dfrac{x^{3}}{6}\right) > 0 f ( x ) < 6 x 4 − x 2 ⟺ x ( sin x − x + 6 x 3 ) > 0
sin x > x − x 3 6 ( x > 0 ) ⇒ ( 2 ) TRUE \sin x > x - \dfrac{x^{3}}{6}\ (x>0) \Rightarrow (2) \text{ TRUE} sin x > x − 6 x 3 ( x > 0 ) ⇒ ( 2 ) TRUE
f ′ ( x ) = − sin x − x cos x f'(x) = -\sin x - x\cos x f ′ ( x ) = − sin x − x cos x
f ′ ( π 2 ) = − 1 < 0 , f ′ ( π ) = π > 0 f'(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = -1 < 0, \quad f'(\pi) = \pi > 0 f ′ ( 2 π ) = − 1 < 0 , f ′ ( π ) = π > 0
⇒ ∃ α ∈ ( π 2 , π ) with f ′ ( α ) = 0 ⇒ ( 3 ) TRUE \Rightarrow \exists\,\alpha \in (\tfrac{\pi}{2}, \pi) \text{ with } f'(\alpha) = 0 \Rightarrow (3) \text{ TRUE} ⇒ ∃ α ∈ ( 2 π , π ) with f ′ ( α ) = 0 ⇒ ( 3 ) TRUE
f ′ ′ ( x ) = x sin x − 2 cos x f''(x) = x\sin x - 2\cos x f ′′ ( x ) = x sin x − 2 cos x
f ′ ′ ( π 2 ) = π 2 , f ( π 2 ) = − π 2 ⇒ f ′ ′ ( π 2 ) + f ( π 2 ) = 0 f''(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = \tfrac{\pi}{2}, \quad f(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = -\tfrac{\pi}{2} \Rightarrow f''(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) + f(\tfrac{\pi}{2}) = 0 f ′′ ( 2 π ) = 2 π , f ( 2 π ) = − 2 π ⇒ f ′′ ( 2 π ) + f ( 2 π ) = 0
⇒ ( 4 ) TRUE \Rightarrow (4) \text{ TRUE} ⇒ ( 4 ) TRUE
TRUE statements: ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , ( 4 ) \boxed{\text{TRUE statements: } (2), (3), (4)} TRUE statements: ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , ( 4 )
f ( x ) = − x sin x ; ( 1 ) false , ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , ( 4 ) true f(x) = -x\sin x; \quad (1) \text{ false}, \quad (2),(3),(4) \text{ true} f ( x ) = − x sin x ; ( 1 ) false , ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) , ( 4 ) true