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JEE Advanced 2024 · Trigonometric Functions

Let π2<x<π\frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi be such that cot⁡x=−511\cot x = \frac{-5}{\sqrt{11}}. Then (sin⁡11x2)(sin⁡6x−cos⁡6x)+(cos⁡11x2)(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x)\left(\sin\frac{11x}{2}\right)(\sin 6x - \cos 6x) + \left(\cos\frac{11x}{2}\right)(\sin 6x + \cos 6x) is equal to

Answer: B. 11+123\frac{\sqrt{11}+1}{2\sqrt{3}}

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Written solution

Let π/2 < x < π be such that cot x = (-5)/√11. Then (sin11x/2)(sin 6x - cos 6x) + (cos11x/2)(sin 6x + cos 6x) is equal to

π2<x<π(second quadrant)\frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi \quad (\text{second quadrant})

cot⁡x=−511\cot x = \frac{-5}{\sqrt{11}}

E=sin⁡11x2(sin⁡6x−cos⁡6x)+cos⁡11x2(sin⁡6x+cos⁡6x)E = \sin\frac{11x}{2}(\sin 6x - \cos 6x) + \cos\frac{11x}{2}(\sin 6x + \cos 6x)

Plan: simplify E with angle-sum formulas, then use half-angles\text{Plan: simplify } E \text{ with angle-sum formulas, then use half-angles}

cot⁡x=−511 ⇒ tan⁡x=−115\cot x = -\frac{5}{\sqrt{11}} \ \Rightarrow\ \tan x = -\frac{\sqrt{11}}{5}

hyp=52+(11)2=36=6\text{hyp} = \sqrt{5^{2} + (\sqrt{11})^{2}} = \sqrt{36} = 6

sin⁡x=116,cos⁡x=−56\sin x = \frac{\sqrt{11}}{6}, \quad \cos x = -\frac{5}{6}

E=sin⁡11x2sin⁡6x−sin⁡11x2cos⁡6x+cos⁡11x2sin⁡6x+cos⁡11x2cos⁡6xE = \sin\frac{11x}{2}\sin 6x - \sin\frac{11x}{2}\cos 6x + \cos\frac{11x}{2}\sin 6x + \cos\frac{11x}{2}\cos 6x

E=(sin⁡11x2sin⁡6x+cos⁡11x2cos⁡6x)+(cos⁡11x2sin⁡6x−sin⁡11x2cos⁡6x)E = \left(\sin\frac{11x}{2}\sin 6x + \cos\frac{11x}{2}\cos 6x\right) + \left(\cos\frac{11x}{2}\sin 6x - \sin\frac{11x}{2}\cos 6x\right)

=cos⁡ ⁣(11x2−6x)+sin⁡ ⁣(6x−11x2)= \cos\!\left(\frac{11x}{2} - 6x\right) + \sin\!\left(6x - \frac{11x}{2}\right)

=cos⁡x2+sin⁡x2= \cos\frac{x}{2} + \sin\frac{x}{2}

E=sin⁡x2+cos⁡x2E = \sin\frac{x}{2} + \cos\frac{x}{2}

sin⁡2x2=1−cos⁡x2,cos⁡2x2=1+cos⁡x2\sin^2\frac{x}{2} = \frac{1-\cos x}{2}, \quad \cos^2\frac{x}{2} = \frac{1+\cos x}{2}

sin⁡2x2=1+562=1112\sin^2\frac{x}{2} = \frac{1+\frac{5}{6}}{2} = \frac{11}{12}

cos⁡2x2=1−562=112\cos^2\frac{x}{2} = \frac{1-\frac{5}{6}}{2} = \frac{1}{12}

π4<x2<π2 ⇒ sin⁡x2,cos⁡x2>0\frac{\pi}{4} < \frac{x}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2} \ \Rightarrow\ \sin\frac{x}{2}, \cos\frac{x}{2} > 0

sin⁡x2=1112=1123,cos⁡x2=112=123\sin\frac{x}{2} = \sqrt{\frac{11}{12}} = \frac{\sqrt{11}}{2\sqrt{3}}, \quad \cos\frac{x}{2} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{12}} = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}

E=123+1123=11+123E = \frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}} + \frac{\sqrt{11}}{2\sqrt{3}} = \frac{\sqrt{11}+1}{2\sqrt{3}}

E=11+123⇒option (2)\boxed{E = \frac{\sqrt{11}+1}{2\sqrt{3}}} \Rightarrow \text{option (2)}

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