Let z = (-1+√3i)/2, where i = √-1, and r, s ∈ {1, 2, 3}. Let P = (-z)ʳ z²ˢ
z²ˢ zʳ and I be the identity matrix of order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P² = -I is
Given: z = − 1 + 3 i 2 , i = − 1 , r , s ∈ { 1 , 2 , 3 } \text{Given: } z = \dfrac{-1+\sqrt3 i}{2},\ i = \sqrt{-1},\ r,s \in \{1,2,3\} Given: z = 2 − 1 + 3 i , i = − 1 , r , s ∈ { 1 , 2 , 3 }
P = (-z)ʳ z²ˢ
z²ˢ zʳ , I = I₂
To find: # { ( r , s ) : P 2 = − I } \text{To find: } \#\{(r,s) : P^2 = -I\} To find: # {( r , s ) : P 2 = − I }
z = − 1 + 3 i 2 = ω z = \dfrac{-1+\sqrt3 i}{2} = \omega z = 2 − 1 + 3 i = ω
ω 3 = 1 , 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0 \omega^3 = 1, \qquad 1 + \omega + \omega^2 = 0 ω 3 = 1 , 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0
A = ( − z ) r , B = z 2 s , C = z r A = (-z)^r,\quad B = z^{2s},\quad C = z^r A = ( − z ) r , B = z 2 s , C = z r
P² = A² + B² B(A+C)
B(A+C) C² + B²
P 2 = − I ⇒ A 2 + B 2 = − 1 , C 2 + B 2 = − 1 , B ( A + C ) = 0 P^2 = -I \Rightarrow A^2 + B^2 = -1,\quad C^2 + B^2 = -1,\quad B(A+C) = 0 P 2 = − I ⇒ A 2 + B 2 = − 1 , C 2 + B 2 = − 1 , B ( A + C ) = 0
B = z 2 s ≠ 0 ⇒ A + C = 0 B = z^{2s} \ne 0 \Rightarrow A + C = 0 B = z 2 s = 0 ⇒ A + C = 0
( − z ) r + z r = 0 ⇒ ( − 1 ) r z r + z r = 0 (-z)^r + z^r = 0 \Rightarrow (-1)^r z^r + z^r = 0 ( − z ) r + z r = 0 ⇒ ( − 1 ) r z r + z r = 0
( − 1 ) r = − 1 ⇒ r is odd ⇒ r ∈ { 1 , 3 } (-1)^r = -1 \Rightarrow r \text{ is odd} \Rightarrow r \in \{1, 3\} ( − 1 ) r = − 1 ⇒ r is odd ⇒ r ∈ { 1 , 3 }
C 2 + B 2 = − 1 ⇒ z 2 r + z 4 s = − 1 C^2 + B^2 = -1 \Rightarrow z^{2r} + z^{4s} = -1 C 2 + B 2 = − 1 ⇒ z 2 r + z 4 s = − 1
r = 3 : z 6 + z 4 s = 1 + z 4 s = − 1 ⇒ z 4 s = − 2 impossible r = 3:\ z^6 + z^{4s} = 1 + z^{4s} = -1 \Rightarrow z^{4s} = -2 \ \text{impossible} r = 3 : z 6 + z 4 s = 1 + z 4 s = − 1 ⇒ z 4 s = − 2 impossible
r = 1 : z 2 + z 4 s = − 1 ⇒ z 4 s = − 1 − z 2 = z r = 1:\ z^2 + z^{4s} = -1 \Rightarrow z^{4s} = -1 - z^2 = z r = 1 : z 2 + z 4 s = − 1 ⇒ z 4 s = − 1 − z 2 = z
4 s ≡ 1 ( m o d 3 ) ⇒ s ≡ 1 ( m o d 3 ) ⇒ s = 1 4s \equiv 1 \pmod 3 \Rightarrow s \equiv 1 \pmod 3 \Rightarrow s = 1 4 s ≡ 1 ( mod 3 ) ⇒ s ≡ 1 ( mod 3 ) ⇒ s = 1
# { ( r , s ) } = 1 , ( r , s ) = ( 1 , 1 ) \#\{(r,s)\} = 1, \quad (r,s) = (1,1) # {( r , s )} = 1 , ( r , s ) = ( 1 , 1 )
1 \boxed{1} 1