arthham

JEE Advanced 2016 · Matrices

Let z=−1+3i2z = \frac{-1+\sqrt{3}i}{2}, where i=−1i = \sqrt{-1}, and r,s∈{1,2,3}r, s \in \{1, 2, 3\}. Let P=[(−z)rz2sz2szr]P = \begin{bmatrix} (-z)^{r} & z^{2s} \\ z^{2s} & z^{r} \end{bmatrix} and II be the identity matrix of order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r,s)(r, s) for which P2=−IP^{2} = -I is

Answer: 11

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Written solution

Let z = (-1+√3i)/2, where i = √-1, and r, s ∈ {1, 2, 3}. Let P = (-z)ʳ z²ˢ z²ˢ zʳ and I be the identity matrix of order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P² = -I is

Given: z=−1+3i2, i=−1, r,s∈{1,2,3}\text{Given: } z = \dfrac{-1+\sqrt3 i}{2},\ i = \sqrt{-1},\ r,s \in \{1,2,3\}

P = (-z)ʳ z²ˢ z²ˢ zʳ , I = I₂

To find: #{(r,s):P2=−I}\text{To find: } \#\{(r,s) : P^2 = -I\}

z=−1+3i2=ωz = \dfrac{-1+\sqrt3 i}{2} = \omega

ω3=1,1+ω+ω2=0\omega^3 = 1, \qquad 1 + \omega + \omega^2 = 0

A=(−z)r,B=z2s,C=zrA = (-z)^r,\quad B = z^{2s},\quad C = z^r

P² = A² + B² B(A+C) B(A+C) C² + B²

P2=−I⇒A2+B2=−1,C2+B2=−1,B(A+C)=0P^2 = -I \Rightarrow A^2 + B^2 = -1,\quad C^2 + B^2 = -1,\quad B(A+C) = 0

B=z2s≠0⇒A+C=0B = z^{2s} \ne 0 \Rightarrow A + C = 0

(−z)r+zr=0⇒(−1)rzr+zr=0(-z)^r + z^r = 0 \Rightarrow (-1)^r z^r + z^r = 0

(−1)r=−1⇒r is odd⇒r∈{1,3}(-1)^r = -1 \Rightarrow r \text{ is odd} \Rightarrow r \in \{1, 3\}

C2+B2=−1⇒z2r+z4s=−1C^2 + B^2 = -1 \Rightarrow z^{2r} + z^{4s} = -1

r=3: z6+z4s=1+z4s=−1⇒z4s=−2 impossibler = 3:\ z^6 + z^{4s} = 1 + z^{4s} = -1 \Rightarrow z^{4s} = -2 \ \text{impossible}

r=1: z2+z4s=−1⇒z4s=−1−z2=zr = 1:\ z^2 + z^{4s} = -1 \Rightarrow z^{4s} = -1 - z^2 = z

4s≡1(mod3)⇒s≡1(mod3)⇒s=14s \equiv 1 \pmod 3 \Rightarrow s \equiv 1 \pmod 3 \Rightarrow s = 1

#{(r,s)}=1,(r,s)=(1,1)\#\{(r,s)\} = 1, \quad (r,s) = (1,1)

1\boxed{1}

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