arthham

JEE Advanced 2018 · Differential Equations

Let f:R→Rf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} be a differentiable function with f(0)=1f(0) = 1 and satisfying the equation f(x+y)=f(x)f′(y)+f′(x)f(y)f(x+y) = f(x)f'(y) + f'(x)f(y) for all x,y∈Rx, y \in \mathbb{R} Then, the value of log⁡e(f(4))\log_e (f(4)) is ________.

Answer: 22

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Written solution

f(x+y)=f(x)f′(y)+f′(x)f(y),f(0)=1f(x+y) = f(x)f'(y) + f'(x)f(y), \quad f(0)=1

To find: log⁡e(f(4))\text{To find: } \log_e(f(4))

y=0: f(x)=f(x)f′(0)+f′(x)⋅f(0)=f(x)f′(0)+f′(x)y=0:\ f(x) = f(x)f'(0) + f'(x)\cdot f(0) = f(x)f'(0) + f'(x)

f′(x)=f(x) (1−f′(0))f'(x) = f(x)\,(1-f'(0))

let c=1−f′(0):f′(x)=c f(x)\text{let } c = 1-f'(0):\quad f'(x) = c\,f(x)

∫dff=∫c dx  ⇒  ln⁡f=cx+K\int \dfrac{df}{f} = \int c\,dx \;\Rightarrow\; \ln f = cx + K

f(x)=ecx(using f(0)=1)f(x) = e^{cx} \quad (\text{using } f(0)=1)

ec(x+y)=ecx(c ecy)+(c ecx)ecy=2c ec(x+y)e^{c(x+y)} = e^{cx}(c\,e^{cy}) + (c\,e^{cx})e^{cy} = 2c\,e^{c(x+y)}

1=2c  ⇒  c=121 = 2c \;\Rightarrow\; c = \dfrac{1}{2}

f(x)=ex/2f(x) = e^{x/2}

f(4)=e4/2=e2f(4) = e^{4/2} = e^{2}

log⁡e(f(4))=log⁡e(e2)=2\log_e(f(4)) = \log_e(e^{2}) = 2

log⁡e(f(4))=2\boxed{\log_e(f(4)) = 2}

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