Γ : y = y ( x ) in first quadrant , ( 1 , 0 ) ∈ Γ \Gamma: y = y(x) \text{ in first quadrant}, \quad (1,0) \in \Gamma Γ : y = y ( x ) in first quadrant , ( 1 , 0 ) ∈ Γ
Tangent at P meets y -axis at Y P ; ∣ P Y P ∣ = 1 \text{Tangent at } P \text{ meets } y\text{-axis at } Y_P; \quad |P Y_P| = 1 Tangent at P meets y -axis at Y P ; ∣ P Y P ∣ = 1
To find: which of (1)–(4) are correct \text{To find: which of (1)--(4) are correct} To find: which of (1)–(4) are correct
Tangent at P ( x , y ) : Y − y = y ′ ( X − x ) \text{Tangent at } P(x,y):\ Y - y = y'(X - x) Tangent at P ( x , y ) : Y − y = y ′ ( X − x )
⇒ Y P = ( 0 , y − x y ′ ) \Rightarrow Y_P = (0,\ y - x y') ⇒ Y P = ( 0 , y − x y ′ )
P Y P 2 = x 2 + ( x y ′ ) 2 = x 2 ( 1 + y ′ 2 ) = 1 PY_P^2 = x^2 + (x y')^2 = x^2(1 + y'^2) = 1 P Y P 2 = x 2 + ( x y ′ ) 2 = x 2 ( 1 + y ′2 ) = 1
⇒ x y ′ = ± 1 − x 2 \Rightarrow x y' = \pm\sqrt{1 - x^2} ⇒ x y ′ = ± 1 − x 2
y > 0 , y ( 1 ) = 0 ⇒ y ′ < 0 ⇒ x y ′ = − 1 − x 2 y > 0,\ y(1) = 0 \Rightarrow y' < 0 \Rightarrow x y' = -\sqrt{1 - x^2} y > 0 , y ( 1 ) = 0 ⇒ y ′ < 0 ⇒ x y ′ = − 1 − x 2
⇒ x y ′ + 1 − x 2 = 0 ⇒ ( 4 ) TRUE \Rightarrow x y' + \sqrt{1 - x^2} = 0 \Rightarrow (4)\ \text{TRUE} ⇒ x y ′ + 1 − x 2 = 0 ⇒ ( 4 ) TRUE
y ′ = − 1 − x 2 x y' = -\dfrac{\sqrt{1-x^2}}{x} y ′ = − x 1 − x 2
y = ln ( 1 + 1 − x 2 x ) − 1 − x 2 + C y = \ln\!\left(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1-x^2}}{x}\right) - \sqrt{1-x^2} + C y = ln ( x 1 + 1 − x 2 ) − 1 − x 2 + C
x = 1 , y = 0 ⇒ C = 0 x = 1,\ y = 0 \Rightarrow C = 0 x = 1 , y = 0 ⇒ C = 0
⇒ y = ln ( 1 + 1 − x 2 x ) − 1 − x 2 ⇒ ( 3 ) TRUE \Rightarrow y = \ln\!\left(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{1-x^2}}{x}\right) - \sqrt{1-x^2} \Rightarrow (3)\ \text{TRUE} ⇒ y = ln ( x 1 + 1 − x 2 ) − 1 − x 2 ⇒ ( 3 ) TRUE
( 1 ) y = − ( … ) < 0 ⇒ not first quadrant (1)\ y = -(\ldots) < 0 \Rightarrow \text{not first quadrant} ( 1 ) y = − ( … ) < 0 ⇒ not first quadrant
( 2 ) wrong sign of y ′ ⇒ incorrect (2)\ \text{wrong sign of } y' \Rightarrow \text{incorrect} ( 2 ) wrong sign of y ′ ⇒ incorrect
Correct: ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) \text{Correct: } (3)\ \text{and}\ (4) Correct: ( 3 ) and ( 4 )
( 3 ) and ( 4 ) \boxed{(3)\ \text{and}\ (4)} ( 3 ) and ( 4 )