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JEE Advanced 2020 · Relations and Functions (Class 12)

If the function f:R→Rf : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} is defined by f(x)=∣x∣(x−sin⁡x)f(x) = |x|(x - \sin x), then which of the following statements is TRUE?

Answer: C. ff is BOTH one-one and onto

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f:R→R,f(x)=∣x∣(x−sin⁡x)f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}, \quad f(x)=|x|(x-\sin x) one-one? onto?  f:R→R\text{one-one? onto? } \ f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R} (1) one-one only,(2) onto only(1)\ \text{one-one only}, \quad (2)\ \text{onto only} (3) both,(4) neither(3)\ \text{both}, \quad (4)\ \text{neither} 1. symmetry;2. sign of f1.\ \text{symmetry}; \quad 2.\ \text{sign of } f 3. f′⇒monotonic⇒one-one3.\ f' \Rightarrow \text{monotonic} \Rightarrow \text{one-one} 4. lim⁡x→±∞f⇒onto4.\ \lim_{x\to\pm\infty}f \Rightarrow \text{onto} ∣x∣ is even,x−sin⁡x is odd|x| \text{ is even}, \quad x-\sin x \text{ is odd} f(−x)=∣x∣(−x+sin⁡x)=−f(x)⇒f is oddf(-x)=|x|(-x+\sin x)=-f(x) \Rightarrow f \text{ is odd} x>0: x−sin⁡x>0⇒f(x)>0x>0:\ x-\sin x>0 \Rightarrow f(x)>0 x<0: f(x)<0,f(0)=0x<0:\ f(x)<0, \quad f(0)=0 y=∣x∣(x−sin⁡x)y=|x|(x-\sin x) x>0: f(x)=x2−xsin⁡xx>0:\ f(x)=x^{2}-x\sin x f′(x)=2x−sin⁡x−xcos⁡x=x(2−cos⁡x)−sin⁡xf'(x)=2x-\sin x-x\cos x=x(2-\cos x)-\sin x 0<x≤π: f′′(x)=2(1−cos⁡x)+xsin⁡x≥00<x\le\pi:\ f''(x)=2(1-\cos x)+x\sin x\ge 0 f′(0)=0⇒f′(x)>0f'(0)=0 \Rightarrow f'(x)>0 x≥π: f′(x)≥x−1>0x\ge\pi:\ f'(x)\ge x-1>0 ⇒f′(x)>0 ∀x>0\Rightarrow f'(x)>0 \ \forall x>0 f odd+increasing on (0,∞)⇒f strictly increasingf \text{ odd} + \text{increasing on } (0,\infty) \Rightarrow f \text{ strictly increasing} ⇒f is one-one\Rightarrow f \text{ is one-one} lim⁡x→+∞f(x)=+∞,lim⁡x→−∞f(x)=−∞\lim_{x\to+\infty}f(x)=+\infty, \quad \lim_{x\to-\infty}f(x)=-\infty f continuous⇒range(f)=R⇒f is ontof \text{ continuous} \Rightarrow \text{range}(f)=\mathbb{R} \Rightarrow f \text{ is onto} f is both one-one and onto ⇒ (3)\boxed{f \text{ is both one-one and onto} \ \Rightarrow\ (3)}

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