arthham

JEE Advanced 2026 · Thermodynamics

As shown in the figure, five Carnot engines, each with efficiency η\eta and same number of cycles per unit time, are operating between six heat reservoirs. The amount of heat released per cycle by one engine is completely absorbed by the next engine. Consider Q0Q_0 to be the amount of heat absorbed per cycle by the first engine and WW as the amount of total work done by all the engines per cycle, then the net efficiency of the system is found to be ηnet=WQ0=211243\eta_{\text{net}} = \frac{W}{Q_0} = \frac{211}{243}. The value of η\eta is:

Answer: 0.330.33

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Written solution

Step 1: Express the heat rejected by the first engine.

The first engine absorbs heat Q0Q_0 and operates with efficiency η\eta.

Q1=Q0(1−η)Q_1 = Q_0(1-\eta)

Step 2: Express the heat rejected by the fifth engine.

Since the heat rejected by each engine is completely absorbed by the next engine in the series, the heat rejected by the fifth engine is determined sequentially.

Q5=Q0(1−η)5Q_5 = Q_0(1-\eta)^5

Step 3: Calculate the total work done by all engines.

The total work WW is the difference between the heat absorbed by the first engine and the heat rejected by the last engine.

W=Q0−Q5W = Q_0 - Q_5 W=Q0[1−(1−η)5]W = Q_0\left[1 - (1-\eta)^5\right]

Step 4: Relate the total work to the net efficiency.

The net efficiency of the system is the ratio of the total work done to the initial heat absorbed.

ηnet=WQ0=1−(1−η)5\eta_{\text{net}} = \frac{W}{Q_0} = 1 - (1-\eta)^5

Step 5: Solve for the efficiency of each engine.

Substitute the given net efficiency ηnet=211243\eta_{\text{net}} = \frac{211}{243} into the equation.

1−(1−η)5=2112431 - (1-\eta)^5 = \frac{211}{243} (1−η)5=1−211243(1-\eta)^5 = 1 - \frac{211}{243} (1−η)5=32243(1-\eta)^5 = \frac{32}{243} (1−η)5=(23)5(1-\eta)^5 = \left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^5 1−η=231 - \eta = \frac{2}{3} η=13\eta = \frac{1}{3}

Answer: The value of η\eta is 13\dfrac{1}{3}.

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