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JEE Advanced 2009 · Application of Derivatives

The maximum value of the function f(x)=2x3−15x2+36x−48f(x) = 2x^{3} - 15x^{2} + 36x - 48 on the set A={x∣x2+20≤9x}A = \{x \mid x^{2} + 20 \leq 9x\} is

Answer: 00

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The maximum value of the function f(x) = 2x³ - 15x² + 36x - 48 on the set A = {x mid x² + 20 ≤ 9x} is

f(x)=2x3−15x2+36x−48f(x) = 2x^3 - 15x^2 + 36x - 48

A={x:x2+20≤9x}A = \{x : x^2 + 20 \le 9x\}

To find: max⁡x∈Af(x)\text{To find: } \max_{x\in A} f(x)

x2−9x+20≤0  ⇒  (x−4)(x−5)≤0x^2 - 9x + 20 \le 0 \;\Rightarrow\; (x-4)(x-5)\le 0

⇒x∈[4,5]\Rightarrow x\in[4,5]

A=[4,5](closed interval)A = [4,5] \quad (\text{closed interval})

f′(x)=6x2−30x+36=6(x−2)(x−3)f'(x) = 6x^2 - 30x + 36 = 6(x-2)(x-3)

critical points: x=2, x=3\text{critical points: } x=2,\ x=3

x=2,3∉[4,5]  ⇒  no critical point inside [4,5]x=2,3 \notin [4,5] \;\Rightarrow\; \text{no critical point inside } [4,5]

x∈[4,5]: x>3  ⇒  f′(x)=6(x−2)(x−3)>0x\in[4,5]:\ x>3 \;\Rightarrow\; f'(x)=6(x-2)(x-3) > 0

⇒f strictly increasing on [4,5]\Rightarrow f \text{ strictly increasing on } [4,5]

f(4)=128−240+144−48=−16f(4) = 128 - 240 + 144 - 48 = -16

f(5)=250−375+180−48=7f(5) = 250 - 375 + 180 - 48 = 7

max⁡x∈Af(x)=f(5)=7\boxed{\max_{x\in A} f(x) = f(5) = 7}

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