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JEE Advanced 2025 · Application of Derivatives

Let R\mathbb{R} denote the set of all real numbers. Let f:R→Rf: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R} be defined by f(x)={6x+sin⁡x2x+sin⁡xif x≠0,73if x=0f(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac{6x+\sin x}{2x+\sin x} & \text{if } x \neq 0, \\ \dfrac{7}{3} & \text{if } x=0 \end{cases} Then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?

Answers: B. The point x=0x=0 is a point of local minima of ff. · C. Number of points of local maxima of ff in the interval [π,6π][\pi, 6\pi] is 33. · D. Number of points of local minima of ff in the interval [2π,4π][2\pi, 4\pi] is 11.

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Written solution

f(x)=6x+sin⁡x2x+sin⁡x (x≠0)f(x) = \dfrac{6x+\sin x}{2x+\sin x}\ (x\ne0)

f(0)=73f(0) = \dfrac{7}{3}

(1),(2): x=0 max or min?(1),(2):\ x=0\ \text{max or min}?

(3): #local max in [π,6π](3):\ \#\text{local max in } [\pi,6\pi]

(4): #local min in [2π,4π](4):\ \#\text{local min in } [2\pi,4\pi]

1. continuity and behaviour near 01.\ \text{continuity and behaviour near } 0

2. critical points: solve tan⁡x=x2.\ \text{critical points: solve } \tan x = x

3. classify and count3.\ \text{classify and count}

lim⁡x→06x+sin⁡x2x+sin⁡x=7x3x=73=f(0)\lim_{x\to0}\dfrac{6x+\sin x}{2x+\sin x} = \dfrac{7x}{3x} = \dfrac{7}{3} = f(0)

⇒f continuous at 0\Rightarrow f \text{ continuous at } 0

t=sin⁡xx,f=6+t2+tt=\dfrac{\sin x}{x},\quad f=\dfrac{6+t}{2+t}

dfdt=−4(2+t)2<0\dfrac{df}{dt} = \dfrac{-4}{(2+t)^2}<0

t<1 (x≠0, near 0)⇒f(x)>f(0)⇒(2) TRUEt<1\ (x\ne0,\ \text{near }0) \Rightarrow f(x)>f(0) \Rightarrow (2)\ \text{TRUE}

f′(x)=−4 t′(x)(2+t)2,t′(x)=xcos⁡x−sin⁡xx2f'(x) = \dfrac{-4\,t'(x)}{(2+t)^2},\quad t'(x)=\dfrac{x\cos x-\sin x}{x^2}

h(x)=xcos⁡x−sin⁡x,h′(x)=−xsin⁡xh(x)=x\cos x-\sin x,\quad h'(x)=-x\sin x

f′=0⇔h=0⇔tan⁡x=xf'=0 \Leftrightarrow h=0 \Leftrightarrow \tan x=x

tan⁡x=x: r1∈(π,3π2), r2∈(2π,5π2), r3∈(3π,7π2)\tan x=x:\ r_1\in(\pi,\tfrac{3\pi}{2}),\ r_2\in(2\pi,\tfrac{5\pi}{2}),\ r_3\in(3\pi,\tfrac{7\pi}{2})

r4∈(4π,9π2),r5∈(5π,11π2)r_4\in(4\pi,\tfrac{9\pi}{2}),\quad r_5\in(5\pi,\tfrac{11\pi}{2})

f↑ where h<0,f↓ where h>0f\uparrow \text{ where } h<0,\qquad f\downarrow \text{ where } h>0

r1,r3,r5: h −→+⇒local MAXr_1,r_3,r_5:\ h\ -\to+ \Rightarrow \text{local MAX}

r2,r4: h +→−⇒local MINr_2,r_4:\ h\ +\to- \Rightarrow \text{local MIN}

[π,6π]⊃r1,r3,r5⇒3 maxima⇒(3) TRUE[\pi,6\pi]\supset r_1,r_3,r_5 \Rightarrow 3 \text{ maxima} \Rightarrow (3)\ \text{TRUE}

minima at r2,r4;r2∈(2π,5π2)⊂[2π,4π]\text{minima at } r_2,r_4;\quad r_2\in(2\pi,\tfrac{5\pi}{2})\subset[2\pi,4\pi]

r4∈(4π,9π2)⊄[2π,4π]⇒1 min⇒(4) TRUEr_4\in(4\pi,\tfrac{9\pi}{2})\not\subset[2\pi,4\pi] \Rightarrow 1 \text{ min} \Rightarrow (4)\ \text{TRUE}

TRUE: (2), (3), (4)\text{TRUE: } (2),\ (3),\ (4)

(2), (3), (4)\boxed{(2),\ (3),\ (4)}

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