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JEE Advanced 2010 · Application of Derivatives

Let ff be a real-valued differentiable function on R\mathbb{R} (the set of all real numbers) such that f(1)=1f(1) = 1. If the yy-intercept of the tangent at any point P(x,y)P(x, y) on the curve y=f(x)y = f(x) is equal to the cube of the abscissa of PP, then find the value of f(−3)f(-3)

Answer: 11

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Written solution

f differentiable on R,f(1)=1f \text{ differentiable on } \mathbb{R}, \qquad f(1) = 1 Tangent at P(x,y) on y=f(x): y-intercept=x3\text{Tangent at } P(x, y) \text{ on } y = f(x):\ y\text{-intercept} = x^{3} Build the ODE, find f(x), then f(−3)\text{Build the ODE, find } f(x), \text{ then } f(-3) Tangent at P(x,y): Y−y=f′(x)(X−x)\text{Tangent at } P(x, y):\ Y - y = f'(x)(X - x) Y-intercept (X=0):b=y−x f′(x)Y\text{-intercept } (X = 0):\quad b = y - x\,f'(x) b=x3⇒y−x y′=x3b = x^{3} \Rightarrow y - x\,y' = x^{3} y′−yx=−x2y' - \dfrac{y}{x} = -x^{2} ddx ⁣(yx)=x y′−yx2=−x\dfrac{d}{dx}\!\left(\dfrac{y}{x}\right) = \dfrac{x\,y' - y}{x^{2}} = -x yx=−x22+C⇒y=Cx−x32\dfrac{y}{x} = -\dfrac{x^{2}}{2} + C \Rightarrow y = Cx - \dfrac{x^{3}}{2} 1=C−12⇒C=321 = C - \dfrac{1}{2} \Rightarrow C = \dfrac{3}{2} f(x)=3x−x32\boxed{f(x) = \dfrac{3x - x^{3}}{2}} f(−3)=3(−3)−(−3)32=−9+272=9f(-3) = \dfrac{3(-3) - (-3)^{3}}{2} = \dfrac{-9 + 27}{2} = 9 f(−3)=9\boxed{f(-3) = 9} f′(x)=32−3x22f'(x) = \dfrac{3}{2} - \dfrac{3x^{2}}{2} y−xf′(x)=3x−x32−x ⁣(32−3x22)=x3 verifiedy - x f'(x) = \dfrac{3x - x^{3}}{2} - x\!\left(\dfrac{3}{2} - \dfrac{3x^{2}}{2}\right) = x^{3}\ \text{verified} f(x)=3x−x32;f(−3)=9f(x) = \dfrac{3x - x^{3}}{2}; \qquad f(-3) = 9

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