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JEE Advanced 2013 · Relations and Functions (Class 12)

The function f(x)=2∣x∣+∣x+2∣−∣∣x+2∣−2∣x∣∣f(x) = 2|x| + |x + 2| - ||x + 2| - 2|x|| has a local minimum or a local maximum at x=x=

Answers: A. −2-2 · B. −23\frac{-2}{3}

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f(x)=2∣x∣+∣x+2∣−∣ ∣x+2∣−2∣x∣ ∣f(x)=2|x|+|x+2|-\big|\,|x+2|-2|x|\,\big| To find: points of local minimum / maximum\text{To find: points of local minimum / maximum} Options: −2, −23, 2, 23\text{Options: } -2,\ -\dfrac{2}{3},\ 2,\ \dfrac{2}{3} 1. simplify f first1.\ \text{simplify } f \text{ first} 2. find the modulus break points2.\ \text{find the modulus break points} 3. sign changes of f′⇒min / max3.\ \text{sign changes of } f' \Rightarrow \text{min / max} a+b−∣a−b∣=2min⁡(a,b)a+b-|a-b|=2\min(a,b) f(x)=2min⁡(∣x+2∣, 2∣x∣)f(x)=2\min\big(|x+2|,\ 2|x|\big) ∣x+2∣=2∣x∣⇒(x+2)2=4x2|x+2|=2|x| \Rightarrow (x+2)^2=4x^2 3x2−4x−4=03x^2-4x-4=0 x=2orx=−23x=2 \quad \text{or} \quad x=-\dfrac{2}{3} x≥2: f=2(x+2)x\ge 2:\ f=2(x+2) 0≤x≤2: f=4x;−23≤x≤0: f=−4x0\le x\le 2:\ f=4x; \quad -\dfrac{2}{3}\le x\le 0:\ f=-4x x≤−23: f=2(x+2) (x≥−2);f=−2(x+2) (x≤−2)x\le -\dfrac{2}{3}:\ f=2(x+2)\ (x\ge -2); \quad f=-2(x+2)\ (x\le -2) f is piecewise linear with corners at x=−2, −23, 0, 2f \text{ is piecewise linear with corners at } x=-2,\ -\tfrac23,\ 0,\ 2 x≥2: f=2x+4, f′=2>0x\ge 2:\ f=2x+4,\ f'=2>0 0≤x≤2: f=4x, f′=4>00\le x\le 2:\ f=4x,\ f'=4>0 −23≤x≤0: f=−4x, f′=−4<0-\dfrac{2}{3}\le x\le 0:\ f=-4x,\ f'=-4<0 −2≤x≤−23: f=2x+4, f′=2>0-2\le x\le -\dfrac{2}{3}:\ f=2x+4,\ f'=2>0 x≤−2: f=−2x−4, f′=−2<0x\le -2:\ f=-2x-4,\ f'=-2<0 f′<0: (−∞,−2)∪(−23,0)f'<0:\ (-\infty,-2)\cup\left(-\dfrac23,0\right) f′>0: (−2,−23)∪(0,∞)f'>0:\ \left(-2,-\dfrac23\right)\cup(0,\infty) x=−2: f′:−→+⇒local minx=-2:\ f':-\to+ \Rightarrow \text{local min} x=−23: f′:+→−⇒local maxx=-\dfrac23:\ f':+\to- \Rightarrow \text{local max} x=0: −→+⇒min;x=2: +→+⇒neitherx=0:\ -\to+ \Rightarrow \text{min}; \quad x=2:\ +\to+ \Rightarrow \text{neither} (1) −2: local min ✓(2) −23: local max ✓\text{(1) } -2:\ \text{local min}\ \checkmark \qquad \text{(2) } -\dfrac23:\ \text{local max}\ \checkmark (3) 2: ×(4) 23: ×\text{(3) } 2:\ \times \qquad \text{(4) } \dfrac23:\ \times local min at x=−2,local max at x=−23\text{local min at } x=-2, \quad \text{local max at } x=-\dfrac23 Answer: (1) and (2)\boxed{\text{Answer: (1) and (2)}}

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