f ( x ) = 2 ∣ x ∣ + ∣ x + 2 ∣ − ∣ ∣ x + 2 ∣ − 2 ∣ x ∣ ∣ f(x)=2|x|+|x+2|-\big|\,|x+2|-2|x|\,\big| f ( x ) = 2∣ x ∣ + ∣ x + 2∣ − ∣ x + 2∣ − 2∣ x ∣
To find: points of local minimum / maximum \text{To find: points of local minimum / maximum} To find: points of local minimum / maximum
Options: − 2 , − 2 3 , 2 , 2 3 \text{Options: } -2,\ -\dfrac{2}{3},\ 2,\ \dfrac{2}{3} Options: − 2 , − 3 2 , 2 , 3 2
1. simplify f first 1.\ \text{simplify } f \text{ first} 1. simplify f first
2. find the modulus break points 2.\ \text{find the modulus break points} 2. find the modulus break points
3. sign changes of f ′ ⇒ min / max 3.\ \text{sign changes of } f' \Rightarrow \text{min / max} 3. sign changes of f ′ ⇒ min / max
a + b − ∣ a − b ∣ = 2 min ( a , b ) a+b-|a-b|=2\min(a,b) a + b − ∣ a − b ∣ = 2 min ( a , b )
f ( x ) = 2 min ( ∣ x + 2 ∣ , 2 ∣ x ∣ ) f(x)=2\min\big(|x+2|,\ 2|x|\big) f ( x ) = 2 min ( ∣ x + 2∣ , 2∣ x ∣ )
∣ x + 2 ∣ = 2 ∣ x ∣ ⇒ ( x + 2 ) 2 = 4 x 2 |x+2|=2|x| \Rightarrow (x+2)^2=4x^2 ∣ x + 2∣ = 2∣ x ∣ ⇒ ( x + 2 ) 2 = 4 x 2
3 x 2 − 4 x − 4 = 0 3x^2-4x-4=0 3 x 2 − 4 x − 4 = 0
x = 2 or x = − 2 3 x=2 \quad \text{or} \quad x=-\dfrac{2}{3} x = 2 or x = − 3 2
x ≥ 2 : f = 2 ( x + 2 ) x\ge 2:\ f=2(x+2) x ≥ 2 : f = 2 ( x + 2 )
0 ≤ x ≤ 2 : f = 4 x ; − 2 3 ≤ x ≤ 0 : f = − 4 x 0\le x\le 2:\ f=4x; \quad -\dfrac{2}{3}\le x\le 0:\ f=-4x 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 : f = 4 x ; − 3 2 ≤ x ≤ 0 : f = − 4 x
x ≤ − 2 3 : f = 2 ( x + 2 ) ( x ≥ − 2 ) ; f = − 2 ( x + 2 ) ( x ≤ − 2 ) x\le -\dfrac{2}{3}:\ f=2(x+2)\ (x\ge -2); \quad f=-2(x+2)\ (x\le -2) x ≤ − 3 2 : f = 2 ( x + 2 ) ( x ≥ − 2 ) ; f = − 2 ( x + 2 ) ( x ≤ − 2 )
f is piecewise linear with corners at x = − 2 , − 2 3 , 0 , 2 f \text{ is piecewise linear with corners at } x=-2,\ -\tfrac23,\ 0,\ 2 f is piecewise linear with corners at x = − 2 , − 3 2 , 0 , 2
x ≥ 2 : f = 2 x + 4 , f ′ = 2 > 0 x\ge 2:\ f=2x+4,\ f'=2>0 x ≥ 2 : f = 2 x + 4 , f ′ = 2 > 0
0 ≤ x ≤ 2 : f = 4 x , f ′ = 4 > 0 0\le x\le 2:\ f=4x,\ f'=4>0 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 : f = 4 x , f ′ = 4 > 0
− 2 3 ≤ x ≤ 0 : f = − 4 x , f ′ = − 4 < 0 -\dfrac{2}{3}\le x\le 0:\ f=-4x,\ f'=-4<0 − 3 2 ≤ x ≤ 0 : f = − 4 x , f ′ = − 4 < 0
− 2 ≤ x ≤ − 2 3 : f = 2 x + 4 , f ′ = 2 > 0 -2\le x\le -\dfrac{2}{3}:\ f=2x+4,\ f'=2>0 − 2 ≤ x ≤ − 3 2 : f = 2 x + 4 , f ′ = 2 > 0
x ≤ − 2 : f = − 2 x − 4 , f ′ = − 2 < 0 x\le -2:\ f=-2x-4,\ f'=-2<0 x ≤ − 2 : f = − 2 x − 4 , f ′ = − 2 < 0
f ′ < 0 : ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( − 2 3 , 0 ) f'<0:\ (-\infty,-2)\cup\left(-\dfrac23,0\right) f ′ < 0 : ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( − 3 2 , 0 )
f ′ > 0 : ( − 2 , − 2 3 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) f'>0:\ \left(-2,-\dfrac23\right)\cup(0,\infty) f ′ > 0 : ( − 2 , − 3 2 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )
x = − 2 : f ′ : − → + ⇒ local min x=-2:\ f':-\to+ \Rightarrow \text{local min} x = − 2 : f ′ : − → + ⇒ local min
x = − 2 3 : f ′ : + → − ⇒ local max x=-\dfrac23:\ f':+\to- \Rightarrow \text{local max} x = − 3 2 : f ′ : + → − ⇒ local max
x = 0 : − → + ⇒ min ; x = 2 : + → + ⇒ neither x=0:\ -\to+ \Rightarrow \text{min}; \quad x=2:\ +\to+ \Rightarrow \text{neither} x = 0 : − → + ⇒ min ; x = 2 : + → + ⇒ neither
(1) − 2 : local min ✓ (2) − 2 3 : local max ✓ \text{(1) } -2:\ \text{local min}\ \checkmark \qquad \text{(2) } -\dfrac23:\ \text{local max}\ \checkmark (1) − 2 : local min ✓ (2) − 3 2 : local max ✓
(3) 2 : × (4) 2 3 : × \text{(3) } 2:\ \times \qquad \text{(4) } \dfrac23:\ \times (3) 2 : × (4) 3 2 : ×
local min at x = − 2 , local max at x = − 2 3 \text{local min at } x=-2, \quad \text{local max at } x=-\dfrac23 local min at x = − 2 , local max at x = − 3 2
Answer: (1) and (2) \boxed{\text{Answer: (1) and (2)}} Answer: (1) and (2)