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JEE Advanced 2019 · Application of Derivatives

Let f(x)=sin⁡πxx2,x>0f(x)=\frac{\sin \pi x}{x^{2}}, x>0 Let x1<x2<x3<…<xn<…x_{1}<x_{2}<x_{3}<\ldots<x_{n}<\ldots be all the points of local maximum of ff and y1<y2<y3<…<yn<…y_{1}<y_{2}<y_{3}<\ldots<y_{n}<\ldots be all the points of local minimum of ff. Then which of the following options is/are correct?

Answers: A. xn+1−xn>2x_{n+1}-x_{n}>2 · B. xn∈(2n,2n+12)x_{n} \in \left(2n, 2n+\frac{1}{2}\right) for every nn · C. ∣xn−yn∣>1|x_{n}-y_{n}|>1 for every nn

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Written solution

Let f(x)=(sin π x)/x², x>0 Let x₁<x₂<x₃<…<xₙ<… be all the points of local maximum of f and y₁<y₂<y₃<…<yₙ<… be all the points of local minimum of f. Then which of the following options is/are correct? f(x)=sin⁡πxx2,x>0f(x) = \dfrac{\sin \pi x}{x^2},\qquad x>0 xn:local maxima (increasing),yn:local minima (increasing)x_n: \text{local maxima (increasing)},\qquad y_n: \text{local minima (increasing)} To find: which of (1), (2), (3), (4) are correct\text{To find: which of } (1),\ (2),\ (3),\ (4) \text{ are correct} Plan: f′=0⇒tan⁡πx=πx2; locate roots, then test each option\text{Plan: } f'=0 \Rightarrow \tan \pi x = \dfrac{\pi x}{2};\ \text{locate roots, then test each option} f′(x)=πxcos⁡πx−2sin⁡πxx3f'(x) = \dfrac{\pi x\cos \pi x - 2\sin \pi x}{x^3} f′(x)=0⇒tan⁡πx=πx2f'(x)=0 \Rightarrow \tan \pi x = \dfrac{\pi x}{2} Graph of f on (0,9)\text{Graph of } f \text{ on } (0,9) u=πx:tan⁡u=u2u = \pi x:\quad \tan u = \dfrac{u}{2} roots un∈(nπ, nπ+π2)⇒x∈(n, n+12)\text{roots } u_n \in (n\pi,\ n\pi+\tfrac{\pi}{2}) \Rightarrow x \in (n,\ n+\tfrac12) u1,u2,u3,…=min, max, min, max, …u_1,u_2,u_3,\ldots = \text{min, max, min, max, }\ldots xn=u2nπ;u2n∈(2nπ, 2nπ+π2)x_n = \dfrac{u_{2n}}{\pi};\qquad u_{2n}\in\left(2n\pi,\ 2n\pi+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right) ⇒xn∈(2n, 2n+12)⇒(2) TRUE\Rightarrow x_n\in\left(2n,\ 2n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right) \Rightarrow (2)\ \text{TRUE} u2n+2>u2n+2π⇒xn+1−xn>2u_{2n+2} > u_{2n}+2\pi \Rightarrow x_{n+1}-x_n > 2 ⇒(1) TRUE\Rightarrow (1)\ \text{TRUE} yn=u2n−1π;u2n−u2n−1>πy_n=\dfrac{u_{2n-1}}{\pi};\qquad u_{2n}-u_{2n-1}>\pi ⇒∣xn−yn∣>1⇒(3) TRUE\Rightarrow |x_n-y_n|>1 \Rightarrow (3)\ \text{TRUE} y1=u1π≈1.36,x1=u2π≈2.42y_1=\dfrac{u_1}{\pi}\approx 1.36,\quad x_1=\dfrac{u_2}{\pi}\approx 2.42 x1>y1⇒(4) FALSEx_1 > y_1 \Rightarrow (4)\ \text{FALSE} (1), (2), (3) are correct(1),\ (2),\ (3)\ \text{are correct} (1), (2), (3)\boxed{(1),\ (2),\ (3)}

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