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JEE Advanced 2022 · Limits and Derivatives

Let α\alpha be a positive real number. Let f:R→Rf: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} and g:(α,∞)→Rg: (\alpha, \infty) \to \mathbb{R} be the functions defined by f(x)=sin⁡(πx12)f(x) = \sin\left(\frac{\pi x}{12}\right) and g(x)=2log⁡e(x−α)log⁡e(ex−eα)g(x) = \frac{2\log_{e}\left(\sqrt{x} - \sqrt{\alpha}\right)}{\log_{e}\left(e^{\sqrt{x}} - e^{\sqrt{\alpha}}\right)}. Then the value of lim⁡x→α+f(g(x))\lim_{x \to \alpha^{+}} f(g(x)) is ______.

Answer: 00.5000.50

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Written solution

f(x)=sin⁡ ⁣(πx12)f(x) = \sin\!\left(\dfrac{\pi x}{12}\right)

g(x)=2log⁡e(x−α)log⁡e(ex−eα)g(x) = \dfrac{2\log_e(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{\alpha})}{\log_e(e^{\sqrt{x}}-e^{\sqrt{\alpha}})}

α>0\alpha > 0

lim⁡x→α+f(g(x))=?\lim_{x\to\alpha^+} f(g(x)) = ?

1. t=x−α→0+1.\ t = \sqrt{x}-\sqrt{\alpha} \to 0^+

2. simplify g in terms of t2.\ \text{simplify } g \text{ in terms of } t

3. lim⁡g=2⇒f(2)3.\ \lim g = 2 \Rightarrow f(2)

g defined on (α,∞)⇒only x→α+g \text{ defined on } (\alpha,\infty) \Rightarrow \text{only } x\to\alpha^+

t=x−α→0+,x=α+tt = \sqrt{x}-\sqrt{\alpha} \to 0^+,\quad \sqrt{x} = \sqrt{\alpha}+t

numerator=2log⁡et\text{numerator} = 2\log_e t

ex−eα=eα(et−1)e^{\sqrt{x}}-e^{\sqrt{\alpha}} = e^{\sqrt{\alpha}}(e^{t}-1)

g=2log⁡etα+log⁡e(et−1)g = \dfrac{2\log_e t}{\sqrt{\alpha} + \log_e(e^{t}-1)}

et−1t→1⇒log⁡e(et−1)=log⁡et+log⁡e ⁣(et−1t)\dfrac{e^t-1}{t} \to 1 \Rightarrow \log_e(e^t-1) = \log_e t + \log_e\!\left(\dfrac{e^t-1}{t}\right)

log⁡e ⁣(et−1t)→0\log_e\!\left(\dfrac{e^t-1}{t}\right) \to 0

as t→0+, log⁡et→−∞\text{as } t\to 0^+,\ \log_e t \to -\infty

α+log⁡e(et−1)∼log⁡et\sqrt{\alpha} + \log_e(e^t-1) \sim \log_e t

lim⁡x→α+g(x)=lim⁡t→0+2log⁡etα+log⁡e(et−1)\lim_{x\to\alpha^+} g(x) = \lim_{t\to 0^+}\dfrac{2\log_e t}{\sqrt{\alpha}+\log_e(e^t-1)}

=2log⁡etlog⁡et=2= \dfrac{2\log_e t}{\log_e t} = 2

f continuous⇒lim⁡f(g(x))=f ⁣(lim⁡g(x))=f(2)f \text{ continuous} \Rightarrow \lim f(g(x)) = f\!\left(\lim g(x)\right) = f(2)

f(2)=sin⁡ ⁣(2π12)=sin⁡π6f(2) = \sin\!\left(\dfrac{2\pi}{12}\right) = \sin\dfrac{\pi}{6}

sin⁡π6=12\sin\dfrac{\pi}{6} = \dfrac{1}{2}

12\boxed{\dfrac{1}{2}}

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