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JEE Advanced 2023 · Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Let A ={1967+1686isin⁡θ7−3icos⁡θ:θ∈R}.= \{\frac{1967 + 1686 i \sinθ}{7 - 3 i \cosθ} : θ ∈ R\}. If A contains exactly one positive integer n, then the value of n is __________.

Answer: 281281

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Written solution

Let A={(1967+1686 isinθ)/(7-3 icosθ):θ∈R}. If A contains exactly one positive integer n, then the value of n is

A={1967+1686 isin⁡θ7−3 icos⁡θ:θ∈R}A=\Big\{\dfrac{1967+1686\,i\sin\theta}{7-3\,i\cos\theta}:\theta\in\mathbb{R}\Big\}

Given: A has exactly one positive integer n.\text{Given: } A \text{ has exactly one positive integer } n.

To find: n\text{To find: } n

1. split z into real and imaginary parts1.\ \text{split } z \text{ into real and imaginary parts}

2. set Im⁡z=0 and solve for θ2.\ \text{set } \operatorname{Im} z = 0 \text{ and solve for } \theta

3. the real part at that θ is the positive integer n3.\ \text{the real part at that } \theta \text{ is the positive integer } n

1967=7×281,1686=6×2811967 = 7\times 281,\qquad 1686 = 6\times 281

z=281⋅7+6 isin⁡θ7−3 icos⁡θz = 281\cdot\dfrac{7+6\,i\sin\theta}{7-3\,i\cos\theta}

7+6 isin⁡θ7−3 icos⁡θ=(7+6 isin⁡θ)(7+3 icos⁡θ)49+9cos⁡2θ\dfrac{7+6\,i\sin\theta}{7-3\,i\cos\theta}=\dfrac{(7+6\,i\sin\theta)(7+3\,i\cos\theta)}{49+9\cos^2\theta}

=49−18sin⁡θcos⁡θ+i (21cos⁡θ+42sin⁡θ)49+9cos⁡2θ=\dfrac{49-18\sin\theta\cos\theta+i\,(21\cos\theta+42\sin\theta)}{49+9\cos^2\theta}

Re⁡z=281⋅49−18sin⁡θcos⁡θ49+9cos⁡2θ\operatorname{Re}z=281\cdot\dfrac{49-18\sin\theta\cos\theta}{49+9\cos^2\theta}

Im⁡z=281⋅21cos⁡θ+42sin⁡θ49+9cos⁡2θ\operatorname{Im}z=281\cdot\dfrac{21\cos\theta+42\sin\theta}{49+9\cos^2\theta}

Im⁡z=0 ⇒ 21cos⁡θ+42sin⁡θ=0\operatorname{Im}z=0\ \Rightarrow\ 21\cos\theta+42\sin\theta=0

⇒ cos⁡θ+2sin⁡θ=0 ⇒ tan⁡θ=−12\Rightarrow\ \cos\theta+2\sin\theta=0\ \Rightarrow\ \tan\theta=-\dfrac{1}{2}

cos⁡2θ=11+tan⁡2θ=11+14=45\cos^2\theta=\dfrac{1}{1+\tan^2\theta}=\dfrac{1}{1+\frac{1}{4}}=\dfrac{4}{5}

sin⁡θcos⁡θ=tan⁡θ⋅cos⁡2θ=−12⋅45=−25\sin\theta\cos\theta=\tan\theta\cdot\cos^2\theta=-\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{5}=-\dfrac{2}{5}

Re⁡z=281⋅49−18(−25)49+9(45)\operatorname{Re}z=281\cdot\dfrac{49-18\left(-\frac{2}{5}\right)}{49+9\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)}

=281⋅49+36549+365=281=281\cdot\dfrac{49+\frac{36}{5}}{49+\frac{36}{5}}=281

n=281n=281

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