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JEE Advanced 2024 · Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Let f(x)=x4+ax3+bx2+cf(x) = x^{4} + ax^{3} + bx^{2} + c be a polynomial with real coefficients such that f(1)=−9f(1) = -9. Suppose that i3i\sqrt{3} is a root of the equation 4x3+3ax2+2bx=04x^{3} + 3ax^{2} + 2bx = 0 where i=−1i = \sqrt{-1}. If α1\alpha_{1}, α2\alpha_{2}, α3\alpha_{3} and α4\alpha_{4} are all the roots of the equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0, then ∣α1∣2+∣α2∣2+∣α3∣2+∣α4∣2|\alpha_{1}|^{2} + |\alpha_{2}|^{2} + |\alpha_{3}|^{2} + |\alpha_{4}|^{2} is equal to ______.

Answer: 2020

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Written solution

Let f(x) = x⁴ + ax³ + bx² + c be a polynomial with real coefficients such that f(1) = -9. Suppose that i√3 is a root of the equation 4x³ + 3ax² + 2bx = 0 where i = √-1. If α₁, α₂, α₃ and α₄ are all the roots of the equation f(x) = 0, then |α₁|² + |α₂|² + |α₃|² + |α₄|² is equal to ______.

f(x)=x4+ax3+bx2+cf(x) = x^{4} + ax^{3} + bx^{2} + c

a,b,c∈R,f(1)=−9a, b, c \in \mathbb{R},\quad f(1) = -9

i3 is a root of 4x3+3ax2+2bx=0i\sqrt{3} \text{ is a root of } 4x^{3} + 3ax^{2} + 2bx = 0

To find: ∣α1∣2+∣α2∣2+∣α3∣2+∣α4∣2\text{To find: } |\alpha_1|^2 + |\alpha_2|^2 + |\alpha_3|^2 + |\alpha_4|^2

Argand plane\text{Argand plane}

Plan: 1. use the root i3⇒a, b\text{Plan: } 1.\ \text{use the root } i\sqrt{3} \Rightarrow a,\, b

2. f(1)=−9⇒c2.\ f(1) = -9 \Rightarrow c

3. solve f(x)=0 and add ∣α∣23.\ \text{solve } f(x) = 0 \text{ and add } |\alpha|^2

4x3+3ax2+2bx=x(4x2+3ax+2b)4x^{3} + 3ax^{2} + 2bx = x(4x^{2} + 3ax + 2b)

4(i3)2+3a(i3)+2b=04(i\sqrt{3})^{2} + 3a(i\sqrt{3}) + 2b = 0

4(−3)+3a i3+2b=04(-3) + 3a\,i\sqrt{3} + 2b = 0

(−12+2b)+33 a i=0(-12 + 2b) + 3\sqrt{3}\,a\,i = 0

Real: −12+2b=0⇒b=6\text{Real: } -12 + 2b = 0 \Rightarrow b = 6

Imag: 33 a=0⇒a=0\text{Imag: } 3\sqrt{3}\,a = 0 \Rightarrow a = 0

f(1)=1+a+b+c=−9f(1) = 1 + a + b + c = -9

1+0+6+c=−9⇒c=−161 + 0 + 6 + c = -9 \Rightarrow c = -16

f(x)=x4+6x2−16f(x) = x^{4} + 6x^{2} - 16

Let y=x2:y2+6y−16=0\text{Let } y = x^{2}:\quad y^{2} + 6y - 16 = 0

y=−6±36+642=−6±102y = \dfrac{-6 \pm \sqrt{36 + 64}}{2} = \dfrac{-6 \pm 10}{2}

y=2 or y=−8y = 2 \ \text{or}\ y = -8

x=±2,x=±22 ix = \pm\sqrt{2},\quad x = \pm 2\sqrt{2}\,i

∣2∣2=2,∣22 i∣2=8|\sqrt{2}|^{2} = 2,\qquad |2\sqrt{2}\,i|^{2} = 8

2+2+8+8=202 + 2 + 8 + 8 = 20

∣α1∣2+∣α2∣2+∣α3∣2+∣α4∣2=20|\alpha_1|^2 + |\alpha_2|^2 + |\alpha_3|^2 + |\alpha_4|^2 = 20

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