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JEE Advanced 2025 · Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

root of unity for which 0<arg⁡(ω)<π0 < \arg(\omega) < \pi. Let α=arg⁡(∑n=12025(−ω)n)\alpha = \arg\left(\sum_{n=1}^{2025} (-\omega)^n\right). Then the value of 3απ\frac{3\alpha}{\pi} is ______.

Answer: −2-2

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Written solution

ω3=1,ω≠1,0<arg⁡(ω)<π\omega^3 = 1, \quad \omega \neq 1, \quad 0 < \arg(\omega) < \pi α=arg⁡(∑n=12025(−ω)n)\alpha = \arg\left(\sum_{n=1}^{2025} (-\omega)^n\right) To find: 3απ\text{To find: } \dfrac{3\alpha}{\pi} Roots of unity lie on ∣z∣=1\text{Roots of unity lie on } |z| = 1 ω3=1, ω≠1 ⇒ 1+ω+ω2=0\omega^3 = 1, \ \omega \neq 1 \ \Rightarrow \ 1 + \omega + \omega^2 = 0 ω=−12+i32=e2πi/3\omega = -\dfrac{1}{2} + i\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = e^{2\pi i/3} ω2=−12−i32=e4πi/3\omega^2 = -\dfrac{1}{2} - i\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = e^{4\pi i/3} r=−ω=e−iπ/3=12−i32r = -\omega = e^{-i\pi/3} = \dfrac{1}{2} - i\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} (−ω)3=−1,(−ω)6=1(-\omega)^3 = -1, \quad (-\omega)^6 = 1 r6=1 ⇒ r,r2,r3,r4,r5,r6=all 6th roots of unityr^6 = 1 \ \Rightarrow \ r, r^2, r^3, r^4, r^5, r^6 = \text{all 6th roots of unity} r+r2+r3+r4+r5+r6=0r + r^2 + r^3 + r^4 + r^5 + r^6 = 0 2025=6⋅337+32025 = 6 \cdot 337 + 3 ∑n=12025rn=337⋅0+r2023+r2024+r2025\sum_{n=1}^{2025} r^n = 337 \cdot 0 + r^{2023} + r^{2024} + r^{2025} ∑n=12025rn=r+r2+r3\sum_{n=1}^{2025} r^n = r + r^2 + r^3 r+r2+r3=(12−i32)+(−12−i32)+(−1)r + r^2 + r^3 = \left(\tfrac{1}{2} - i\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + \left(-\tfrac{1}{2} - i\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + (-1) S=∑n=12025(−ω)n=−1−i3S = \sum_{n=1}^{2025} (-\omega)^n = -1 - i\sqrt{3} ∣S∣=(−1)2+(−3)2=4=2|S| = \sqrt{(-1)^2 + (-\sqrt{3})^2} = \sqrt{4} = 2 α=arg⁡(S)=π+π3=4π3\alpha = \arg(S) = \pi + \dfrac{\pi}{3} = \dfrac{4\pi}{3} 3απ=3 (4π/3)π=4\dfrac{3\alpha}{\pi} = \dfrac{3\,(4\pi/3)}{\pi} = 4 3απ=4\boxed{\dfrac{3\alpha}{\pi} = 4}

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