ω 3 = 1 , ω ≠ 1 , 0 < arg ( ω ) < π \omega^3 = 1, \quad \omega \neq 1, \quad 0 < \arg(\omega) < \pi ω 3 = 1 , ω = 1 , 0 < arg ( ω ) < π
α = arg ( ∑ n = 1 2025 ( − ω ) n ) \alpha = \arg\left(\sum_{n=1}^{2025} (-\omega)^n\right) α = arg ( ∑ n = 1 2025 ( − ω ) n )
To find: 3 α π \text{To find: } \dfrac{3\alpha}{\pi} To find: π 3 α
Roots of unity lie on ∣ z ∣ = 1 \text{Roots of unity lie on } |z| = 1 Roots of unity lie on ∣ z ∣ = 1
ω 3 = 1 , ω ≠ 1 ⇒ 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0 \omega^3 = 1, \ \omega \neq 1 \ \Rightarrow \ 1 + \omega + \omega^2 = 0 ω 3 = 1 , ω = 1 ⇒ 1 + ω + ω 2 = 0
ω = − 1 2 + i 3 2 = e 2 π i / 3 \omega = -\dfrac{1}{2} + i\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = e^{2\pi i/3} ω = − 2 1 + i 2 3 = e 2 π i /3
ω 2 = − 1 2 − i 3 2 = e 4 π i / 3 \omega^2 = -\dfrac{1}{2} - i\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} = e^{4\pi i/3} ω 2 = − 2 1 − i 2 3 = e 4 π i /3
r = − ω = e − i π / 3 = 1 2 − i 3 2 r = -\omega = e^{-i\pi/3} = \dfrac{1}{2} - i\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} r = − ω = e − iπ /3 = 2 1 − i 2 3
( − ω ) 3 = − 1 , ( − ω ) 6 = 1 (-\omega)^3 = -1, \quad (-\omega)^6 = 1 ( − ω ) 3 = − 1 , ( − ω ) 6 = 1
r 6 = 1 ⇒ r , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 = all 6th roots of unity r^6 = 1 \ \Rightarrow \ r, r^2, r^3, r^4, r^5, r^6 = \text{all 6th roots of unity} r 6 = 1 ⇒ r , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 = all 6th roots of unity
r + r 2 + r 3 + r 4 + r 5 + r 6 = 0 r + r^2 + r^3 + r^4 + r^5 + r^6 = 0 r + r 2 + r 3 + r 4 + r 5 + r 6 = 0
2025 = 6 ⋅ 337 + 3 2025 = 6 \cdot 337 + 3 2025 = 6 ⋅ 337 + 3
∑ n = 1 2025 r n = 337 ⋅ 0 + r 2023 + r 2024 + r 2025 \sum_{n=1}^{2025} r^n = 337 \cdot 0 + r^{2023} + r^{2024} + r^{2025} ∑ n = 1 2025 r n = 337 ⋅ 0 + r 2023 + r 2024 + r 2025
∑ n = 1 2025 r n = r + r 2 + r 3 \sum_{n=1}^{2025} r^n = r + r^2 + r^3 ∑ n = 1 2025 r n = r + r 2 + r 3
r + r 2 + r 3 = ( 1 2 − i 3 2 ) + ( − 1 2 − i 3 2 ) + ( − 1 ) r + r^2 + r^3 = \left(\tfrac{1}{2} - i\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + \left(-\tfrac{1}{2} - i\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}\right) + (-1) r + r 2 + r 3 = ( 2 1 − i 2 3 ) + ( − 2 1 − i 2 3 ) + ( − 1 )
S = ∑ n = 1 2025 ( − ω ) n = − 1 − i 3 S = \sum_{n=1}^{2025} (-\omega)^n = -1 - i\sqrt{3} S = ∑ n = 1 2025 ( − ω ) n = − 1 − i 3
∣ S ∣ = ( − 1 ) 2 + ( − 3 ) 2 = 4 = 2 |S| = \sqrt{(-1)^2 + (-\sqrt{3})^2} = \sqrt{4} = 2 ∣ S ∣ = ( − 1 ) 2 + ( − 3 ) 2 = 4 = 2
α = arg ( S ) = π + π 3 = 4 π 3 \alpha = \arg(S) = \pi + \dfrac{\pi}{3} = \dfrac{4\pi}{3} α = arg ( S ) = π + 3 π = 3 4 π
3 α π = 3 ( 4 π / 3 ) π = 4 \dfrac{3\alpha}{\pi} = \dfrac{3\,(4\pi/3)}{\pi} = 4 π 3 α = π 3 ( 4 π /3 ) = 4
3 α π = 4 \boxed{\dfrac{3\alpha}{\pi} = 4} π 3 α = 4