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JEE Advanced 2025 · Inverse Trigonometric Functions

The total number of real solutions of the equation θ=tan⁡−1(2tan⁡θ)−12sin⁡−1(6tan⁡θ9+tan⁡2θ)\theta = \tan^{-1}(2\tan\theta) - \frac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\left(\frac{6\tan\theta}{9+\tan^{2}\theta}\right) is (Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin⁡−1x\sin^{-1}x and tan⁡−1x\tan^{-1}x assume values in [−π2,π2]\left[-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\right] and (−π2,π2)\left(-\frac{\pi}{2},\frac{\pi}{2}\right), respectively.)

Answer: C. 33

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θ=tan⁡−1(2tan⁡θ)−12sin⁡−1(6tan⁡θ9+tan⁡2θ)\theta = \tan^{-1}(2\tan\theta) - \dfrac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}\left(\dfrac{6\tan\theta}{9+\tan^2\theta}\right) sin⁡−1∈[−π2,π2],tan⁡−1∈(−π2,π2)\sin^{-1} \in \left[-\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right], \quad \tan^{-1} \in \left(-\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right) To find: total number of real solutions θ\text{To find: total number of real solutions } \theta t=tan⁡θ,α=tan⁡−1 ⁣(t3)t = \tan\theta, \quad \alpha = \tan^{-1}\!\left(\dfrac{t}{3}\right) sin⁡2α=2(t/3)1+t2/9=6t9+t2\sin 2\alpha = \dfrac{2(t/3)}{1 + t^2/9} = \dfrac{6t}{9 + t^2} tan⁡−1∈(−π2,π2),12sin⁡−1∈[−π4,π4]\tan^{-1} \in \left(-\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \dfrac{\pi}{2}\right), \quad \dfrac{1}{2}\sin^{-1} \in \left[-\dfrac{\pi}{4}, \dfrac{\pi}{4}\right] ⇒θ∈(−3π4,3π4), θ≠±π2\Rightarrow \theta \in \left(-\dfrac{3\pi}{4}, \dfrac{3\pi}{4}\right), \ \theta \neq \pm\dfrac{\pi}{2} θ∈(π2,3π4):RHS<π4<θ⇒no solution\theta \in \left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}, \dfrac{3\pi}{4}\right): \text{RHS} < \dfrac{\pi}{4} < \theta \Rightarrow \text{no solution} (and symmetrically for θ∈(−3π4,−π2))(\text{and symmetrically for } \theta \in (-\tfrac{3\pi}{4}, -\tfrac{\pi}{2})) ∣t∣≤3: sin⁡−1(sin⁡2α)=2α⇒12sin⁡−1(⋯ )=α=tan⁡−1t3|t| \le 3:\ \sin^{-1}(\sin 2\alpha) = 2\alpha \Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}(\cdots) = \alpha = \tan^{-1}\dfrac{t}{3} θ=tan⁡−1(2t)−tan⁡−1t3\theta = \tan^{-1}(2t) - \tan^{-1}\dfrac{t}{3} tan⁡−1(2t)−tan⁡−1t3=tan⁡−12t−t/31+2t⋅t/3\tan^{-1}(2t) - \tan^{-1}\dfrac{t}{3} = \tan^{-1}\dfrac{2t - t/3}{1 + 2t\cdot t/3} =tan⁡−15t3+2t2= \tan^{-1}\dfrac{5t}{3 + 2t^2} θ=tan⁡−15t3+2t2⇒tan⁡θ=5t3+2t2\theta = \tan^{-1}\dfrac{5t}{3 + 2t^2} \Rightarrow \tan\theta = \dfrac{5t}{3 + 2t^2} t=5t3+2t2t = \dfrac{5t}{3 + 2t^2} t(3+2t2)=5t⇒2t(t2−1)=0t(3 + 2t^2) = 5t \Rightarrow 2t(t^2 - 1) = 0 t=0, t=±1t = 0, \ t = \pm 1 t=tan⁡θ⇒θ=0, π4, −π4t = \tan\theta \Rightarrow \theta = 0, \ \dfrac{\pi}{4}, \ -\dfrac{\pi}{4} t>3: 12sin⁡−1(sin⁡2α)=π2−αt > 3:\ \dfrac{1}{2}\sin^{-1}(\sin 2\alpha) = \dfrac{\pi}{2} - \alpha RHS=tan⁡−1(2t)+tan⁡−1t3−π2<θ⇒no solution\text{RHS} = \tan^{-1}(2t) + \tan^{-1}\dfrac{t}{3} - \dfrac{\pi}{2} < \theta \Rightarrow \text{no solution} 3 real solutionsoption (3)\boxed{\text{3 real solutions}} \quad \text{option (3)}

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