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JEE Advanced 2012 · Probability (Class 12)

Let XX and YY be two events such that P(X∣Y)=12P(X|Y)=\frac{1}{2}, P(Y∣X)=13P(Y|X)=\frac{1}{3} and P(X∩Y)=16P(X\cap Y)=\frac{1}{6}. Which of the following is(are) correct?

Answers: A. P(X∪Y)=23P(X\cup Y)=\frac{2}{3} · B. XX and YY are independent

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Given: P(X∣Y)=12,P(Y∣X)=13\text{Given: } P(X|Y) = \dfrac{1}{2},\quad P(Y|X) = \dfrac{1}{3} P(X∩Y)=16P(X \cap Y) = \dfrac{1}{6} To find: which of the following are correct?\text{To find: which of the following are correct?} (1) P(X∪Y)=23(2) X,Y independent(1)\ P(X \cup Y) = \dfrac{2}{3} \qquad (2)\ X, Y \text{ independent} (3) X,Y not independent(4) P(Xc∩Y)=13(3)\ X, Y \text{ not independent} \qquad (4)\ P(X^c \cap Y) = \dfrac{1}{3} P(X∩Y)=16 (given)P(X \cap Y) = \dfrac{1}{6} \ \text{(given)} Plan: 1. P(Y) from P(X∣Y)\text{Plan: } 1.\ P(Y) \text{ from } P(X|Y) 2. P(X) from P(Y∣X)2.\ P(X) \text{ from } P(Y|X) 3. test independence and each option3.\ \text{test independence and each option} P(X∣Y)=P(X∩Y)P(Y)P(X|Y) = \dfrac{P(X \cap Y)}{P(Y)} P(Y∣X)=P(X∩Y)P(X)P(Y|X) = \dfrac{P(X \cap Y)}{P(X)} 12=1/6P(Y)⇒P(Y)=16×2=13\dfrac{1}{2} = \dfrac{1/6}{P(Y)} \Rightarrow P(Y) = \dfrac{1}{6} \times 2 = \dfrac{1}{3} 13=1/6P(X)⇒P(X)=16×3=12\dfrac{1}{3} = \dfrac{1/6}{P(X)} \Rightarrow P(X) = \dfrac{1}{6} \times 3 = \dfrac{1}{2} P(X)=12,P(Y)=13,P(X∩Y)=16P(X) = \dfrac{1}{2},\quad P(Y) = \dfrac{1}{3},\quad P(X \cap Y) = \dfrac{1}{6} P(X only)=12−16=13P(X \text{ only}) = \dfrac{1}{2} - \dfrac{1}{6} = \dfrac{1}{3} P(Y only)=13−16=16P(Y \text{ only}) = \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{6} = \dfrac{1}{6} P(X) P(Y)=12×13=16=P(X∩Y)P(X)\,P(Y) = \dfrac{1}{2} \times \dfrac{1}{3} = \dfrac{1}{6} = P(X \cap Y) ⇒X,Y are independent⇒(2) true, (3) false\Rightarrow X, Y \text{ are independent} \Rightarrow (2) \text{ true},\ (3) \text{ false} P(X∪Y)=P(X)+P(Y)−P(X∩Y)P(X \cup Y) = P(X) + P(Y) - P(X \cap Y) =12+13−16=23⇒(1) true= \dfrac{1}{2} + \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{6} = \dfrac{2}{3} \Rightarrow (1) \text{ true} P(Xc∩Y)=P(Y)−P(X∩Y)=13−16=16P(X^c \cap Y) = P(Y) - P(X \cap Y) = \dfrac{1}{3} - \dfrac{1}{6} = \dfrac{1}{6} 16≠13⇒(4) is false\dfrac{1}{6} \ne \dfrac{1}{3} \Rightarrow (4) \text{ is false} ∴(1) and (2) are correct\therefore (1) \text{ and } (2) \text{ are correct}

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