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JEE Advanced 2013 · Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Let w=3+i2w = \frac{\sqrt{3}+i}{2} and P={wn:n=1,2,3,…}P = \{w^{n} : n = 1, 2, 3, \ldots\}. Further H1={z∈C:Re⁡z>12}H_1 = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : \operatorname{Re} z > \frac{1}{2}\} and H2={z∈C:Re⁡z<−12}H_2 = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : \operatorname{Re} z < -\frac{1}{2}\}, where C\mathbb{C} is the set of all complex numbers. If z1∈P∩H1z_1 \in P \cap H_1, z2∈P∩H2z_2 \in P \cap H_2 and OO represents the origin, then ∠z1Oz2=\angle z_1 O z_2 =

Answers: C. 2π3\frac{2\pi}{3} · D. 5π6\frac{5\pi}{6}

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Written solution

Let w = (√3+i)/2 and P = {wⁿ : n = 1, 2, 3, …}. Further H₁ = {z ∈ C : Re z > 1/2} and H₂ = {z ∈ C : Re z < -1/2}, where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z₁ ∈ P ∩ H₁, z₂ ∈ P ∩ H₂ and O represents the origin, then ∠ z₁ O z₂ = w=3+i2,P={wn:n=1,2,3,…}w = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}+i}{2},\qquad P = \{w^n : n = 1, 2, 3, \ldots\} H1:Re⁡z>12,H2:Re⁡z<−12H_1 : \operatorname{Re} z > \tfrac{1}{2},\qquad H_2 : \operatorname{Re} z < -\tfrac{1}{2} To find: ∠z1Oz2,z1∈P∩H1,  z2∈P∩H2\text{To find: } \angle z_1 O z_2,\quad z_1 \in P \cap H_1,\ \ z_2 \in P \cap H_2 ∣w∣=34+14=1|w| = \sqrt{\tfrac{3}{4} + \tfrac{1}{4}} = 1 arg⁡w=tan⁡−1 ⁣1/23/2=π6\arg w = \tan^{-1}\!\dfrac{1/2}{\sqrt{3}/2} = \dfrac{\pi}{6} w=eiπ/6⇒P={ einπ/6:n=1,2,3,… }w = e^{i\pi/6} \Rightarrow P = \{\,e^{i n\pi/6} : n = 1, 2, 3, \ldots\,\} Re⁡z=cos⁡θ>12⇔θ∈(−π3,π3)\operatorname{Re} z = \cos\theta > \tfrac{1}{2} \Leftrightarrow \theta \in \left(-\tfrac{\pi}{3}, \tfrac{\pi}{3}\right) P∩H1={w, w11, w12}={eiπ/6, ei11π/6, 1}P \cap H_1 = \{w,\ w^{11},\ w^{12}\} = \{e^{i\pi/6},\ e^{i11\pi/6},\ 1\} Re⁡z=cos⁡θ<−12⇔θ∈(2π3,4π3)\operatorname{Re} z = \cos\theta < -\tfrac{1}{2} \Leftrightarrow \theta \in \left(\tfrac{2\pi}{3}, \tfrac{4\pi}{3}\right) P∩H2={w5, w6, w7}={ei5π/6, eiπ, ei7π/6}P \cap H_2 = \{w^5,\ w^6,\ w^7\} = \{e^{i5\pi/6},\ e^{i\pi},\ e^{i7\pi/6}\} z1=w=eiπ/6,z2=w5=ei5π/6z_1 = w = e^{i\pi/6},\qquad z_2 = w^5 = e^{i5\pi/6} ∠z1Oz2=5π6−π6=4π6=2π3\angle z_1 O z_2 = \dfrac{5\pi}{6} - \dfrac{\pi}{6} = \dfrac{4\pi}{6} = \dfrac{2\pi}{3} ∠z1Oz2=2π3⇒option (3)\angle z_1 O z_2 = \dfrac{2\pi}{3} \Rightarrow \text{option (3)}

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