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JEE Advanced 2020 · Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Let SS be the set of all complex numbers zz satisfying ∣z2+z+1∣=1|z^{2}+z+1|=1. Then which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Answers: B. ∣z∣≤2|z|\le 2 for all z∈Sz\in S · C. ∣z+12∣≥12\left|z+\frac{1}{2}\right|\ge\frac{1}{2} for all z∈Sz\in S

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Written solution

S={ z∈C:∣z2+z+1∣=1 }S = \{\, z \in \mathbb{C} : |z^2 + z + 1| = 1 \,\}

Check statements (1), (2), (3), (4) for every z∈S\text{Check statements (1), (2), (3), (4) for every } z \in S

w=z+12⇒z=w−12w = z + \tfrac{1}{2} \quad\Rightarrow\quad z = w - \tfrac{1}{2}

(w−12)2+(w−12)+1=w2+34\left(w - \tfrac{1}{2}\right)^2 + \left(w - \tfrac{1}{2}\right) + 1 = w^2 + \tfrac{3}{4}

∣w2+34∣=1\left|w^2 + \tfrac{3}{4}\right| = 1

w2+34 on the unit circlew^2 + \tfrac{3}{4} \ \text{on the unit circle}

⇒w2 on circle centred at −34, radius 1\Rightarrow w^2 \ \text{on circle centred at } -\tfrac{3}{4},\ \text{radius } 1

14≤∣w2∣≤74⇒12≤∣w∣≤72\tfrac{1}{4} \le |w^2| \le \tfrac{7}{4} \quad\Rightarrow\quad \tfrac{1}{2} \le |w| \le \tfrac{\sqrt{7}}{2}

∣z+12∣=∣w∣≥12|z + \tfrac{1}{2}| = |w| \ge \tfrac{1}{2}

∴(3) is TRUE\therefore \text{(3) is TRUE}

∣w∣=12 only when w=±12⇒z=0, −1|w| = \tfrac{1}{2} \text{ only when } w = \pm\tfrac{1}{2} \Rightarrow z = 0,\, -1

∴(1) is FALSE\therefore \text{(1) is FALSE}

If ∣z∣>2: ∣z2+z+1∣≥∣z∣2−∣z∣−1>1\text{If } |z| > 2:\ |z^2+z+1| \ge |z|^2 - |z| - 1 > 1

⇒contradiction, so ∣z∣≤2\Rightarrow \text{contradiction, so } |z| \le 2

∴(2) is TRUE\therefore \text{(2) is TRUE}

w2 sweeps a whole circle⇒S is infinite (a curve)w^2 \text{ sweeps a whole circle} \Rightarrow S \text{ is infinite (a curve)}

∴(4) is FALSE\therefore \text{(4) is FALSE}

Correct statements: (2) and (3)\boxed{\text{Correct statements: (2) and (3)}}

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